原文:
Improved human well-being is one of the greatest triumphs of the modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: 2 billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organization and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa. This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have focused on ending hunger. These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a variety of food. International fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers. People’s leisure time is also being occupied by television, movies, and video games in the growing number of households.
译文:
增进民生福祉是现代最伟大的成就之一。二十亿人超重或肥胖,也是丰衣足食的时代导致的一场令人意想不到的健康危机。尤其是发达国家的人民,他们很容易出现不健康的体重增加。然而,发展中国家现在正面临着类似的危机。高收入国家的肥胖率已经达到顶峰,但其他国家的肥胖率正在加速上升。世界卫生组织和世界银行的联合调查结果显示,2016年,全球一半的超重儿童生活在亚洲,四分之一在非洲。这场危机将考验还在致力于解决饥饿问题的各国政府的政治决心。这些政府必须明白,促进城市便利和高效的因素也是导致其居民容易肥胖的因素。城市居民享有各种各样的食物。国际快餐连锁店在发展中国家蓬勃发展。城市居民久坐不动的生活方式加剧了这种饮食习惯的健康风险。在越来越多的家庭中,人们的闲暇时间也被电视、电影和电子游戏所占据。
2020 was a difficult year for many reasons, including, of course, a global pandemic. In the year’s final days, my husband, our 17-year-old son, who loves to hike, and I had been cooped up at home for months. Over the summer, we had taken advantage of our unexpected time together, camping, hiking, and backpacking in California’s mountains. But winter found us housebound and feeling a bit trapped. Our annual pilgrimage to Joshua Tree National Park to stay with friends and “hike our guts out,” as I often put it, had been quashed by Northern California’s third lockdown. Like a caged coyote, I paced our little house in Davis, thinking I would lose my mind if I couldn’t do something to break up the tedium of sheltering in place in winter’s darkness.
2022年因为很多原因成为了艰难的一年,当然也包括了全球疫情的影响。在年末,我丈夫和我,还有我们那喜欢远足的儿子,都被隔离在家好几个月。暑期,我们还在空闲时一起背包去加利福尼亚山野营、远足。但到了冬天我们却因为疫情被困在家里。我们每年和朋友们一起去约书亚树公园的约定和我常说的“锻炼自己”的机会都结束在了北加利福尼亚的第三次疫情封控。在这黑暗的冬天我像一只被关在笼子里的郊狼一样,只能在戴维斯小小的房子里踱步,思考着如果我不能做点什么来改变这被困在家里的单调乏味的日子的话,我将变得迷茫。
译后反思报告
班级:英语2106班
姓名:俞逸雪
学号:202130502000289
1.
学生译文: | 2020年因为很多原因成为了艰难的一年,当然也包括了全球疫情的影响。在年末,我丈夫和我,还有我们那喜欢远足的儿子,都被隔离在家好几个月。暑期,我们还在空闲时一起背包去加利福尼亚山野营、远足。但到了冬天我们却因为疫情被困在家里。我们每年和朋友们一起去约书亚树公园的约定和我常说的“锻炼自己”的机会都结束在了北加利福尼亚的第三次疫情封控。在这黑暗的冬天我像一只被关在笼子里的郊狼一样,只能在戴维斯小小的房子里踱步,思考着如果我不能做点什么来改变这被困在家里的单调乏味的日子的话,我将变得迷茫。 |
参考译文: | 2020年可谓不顺之年,原因很多,新冠疫情全球大流行当然位列其中。临近岁末,我和丈夫及我们同样喜欢徒步的17 岁的儿子,已困在家中好几个月了。整个夏天,我们充分利用意外的团聚时光,一起到加州的群山里露营、远足、背包旅行。但是,冬季却只能宅在家里,有点儿被囚禁的感觉。一年一度的和友人一起到约书亚树公园朝圣远足的计划(我常说“去走他个酣畅淋漓,哪怕把脚底走穿”),因为加州北部第三次封控管理而被迫取消。我像一头囚笼里的郊狼,在我们戴维斯的小房子里踱来踱去,坐立不安,盘算着一定要做点儿什么来冲散这冬日阴郁中居家隔离的无聊,否则我会发疯的。 |
翻译中出现的问题或是体现的英汉思维差异或其他需反思之处 |
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2.
学生译文: | 增进民生福祉是现代最伟大的成就之一。二十亿人超重或肥胖,也是丰衣足食的时代导致的一场令人意想不到的健康危机。尤其是发达国家的人民,他们很容易出现不健康的体重增加。然而,发展中国家现在正面临着类似的危机。高收入国家的肥胖率已经达到顶峰,但其他国家的肥胖率正在加速上升。世界卫生组织和世界银行的联合调查结果显示,2016年,全球一半的超重儿童生活在亚洲,四分之一在非洲。这场危机将考验还在致力于解决饥饿问题的各国政府的政治决心。这些政府必须明白,促进城市便利和高效的因素也是导致其居民容易肥胖的因素。城市居民享有各种各样的食物。国际快餐连锁店在发展中国家蓬勃发展。城市居民久坐不动的生活方式加剧了这种饮食习惯的健康风险。在越来越多的家庭中,人们的闲暇时间也被电视、电影和电子游戏所占据。 |
参考译文: | 人类健康的改善是当今时代最伟大的成就之一。物质丰富的时代也带来一场意想不到的全球健康危机:20亿人超重或肥胖。发达国家受这种不健康的体重增加的影响特别大。然而,发展中国家现在正面临一场类似的危机。在高收入国家,肥胖率已经达到高峰,但在其他地方,肥胖率正加速攀升。世界卫生组织和世界银行的联合调查结果显示,2016年,全球的超重儿童有一半在亚洲,四分之一在非洲。这场危机对于政府着力消除饥饿的政治决心,将会是个考验。这些政府必须明白,使城市变得便利和高效的因素也容易使城市居民罹患肥胖。都市人享受着各种美食选择。国际快餐连锁店正在发展中国家蓬勃发展。城市居民久坐的生活方式更是加剧了这种饮食结构的健康风险。在越来越多的家庭里,人们的闲暇时间也正在被电视、电影和电子游戏等所占据。 |
翻译中出现的问题或是体现的英汉思维差异或其他需反思之处 |
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原文:
Behind China’s New Botanical Garden
On April 18, 2022, the China National Botanical Garden officially opened its doors to the public — almost 80 years after it was first proposed. And while he didn’t live to see it happen, no one loomed larger over last month’s ceremony than Hu Xiansu, the man who spent his entire career trying to bring the garden to life.
Hu was born in 1894 in Nanchang, the capital of the central province of Jiangxi. His intellect stood out from an early age, winning him a coveted spot in an elite overseas exchange program. After graduating from the University of California, Berkeley in 1916 with a degree in Botany, Hu was named the vice-director of the Jiangxi Lushan Bureau of Forestry. Not long after, he became a professor of agricultural sciences at Southeast University in the eastern city of Nanjing, where he teamed with zoologist Bing Zhi to found the country’s first ever Department of Biology.
It was an impressive start to his academic career, but Hu wasn’t satisfied. In 1923, he returned to the United States for a Ph.D. program at Harvard University.Harvard boasted some of the world’s top botanists, a wealth of Chinese botanical specimens, and the world-renowned Arnold Arboretum. It was a goldmine for a researcher like Hu. Yet he could never quite stomach the idea that a Chinese scholar should have to travel to the other side of the world to study Chinese plants. In a 1925 poem, he called it “a disgrace to the nation that my heart can hardly bear.”
In 1926, not long after finishing his Ph.D., Hu set about rectifying the situation. Arguing that plants represented an important industrial and agricultural resource, he sought funds for the construction of a botanical garden in Nanjing. In support of his plan, he pointed out that world-changing plant products like rubber, tea, and cinchona all benefitted from studies conducted in botanical gardens.
But just when Hu’s idea seemed to be gaining steam, it was abandoned when the ruling Kuomintang regime launched a major military expedition that summer.Undeterred, Hu tried again in 1933, this time proposing a botanical garden in Lushan, near where he grew up. At the time, northern China was under threat of invasion by the Japanese, and Hu tried leveraging this fear to get his project built. At a meeting that year, he declared the Lushan facility would not just be a botanical garden: Should the Japanese invade, it would also serve as “a base to which (other research institutes) could be relocated.” Hu rallied support and funding for his plan on trips across China, and in August 1934, the Lushan Forest Botanical Garden — later renamed the Lushan Botanical Garden — was officially founded.Modeled after the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew, England, the Lushan Forest Botanical Garden was a remarkable, if short-lived, success. Between 1934 and 1938, the Garden developed a seed exchange network with botanical research institutes in China and abroad, carried out investigations into Chinese botanical resources, and cultivated more than 3,100 species of plants.
2022年4月18日,中国国家植物园正式向公众开放,距离这一建议提出已经将近80年了。胡先骕的整个职业生涯都在为这座植物园的发展而努力,虽然他没能活着看到这一切,但在上个月的仪式中,没人比他更引人注目了。
胡先骕于1894年出生在江西南昌。他天资聪颖,在江西省公款留学考试获得去海外留学机会。1916年,从加州大学伯克利分校植物学专业毕业后,胡先骕受聘为江西省庐山森林局副局长。不久之后,他受聘国立南京高等师范学校农林专修科植物学教授,并和动物学家秉志共同建立中国国立大学第一个生物系。
这是他学术生涯中一个令人印象深刻的开端,但胡先骕并不满足于此。1923年,他再次赴美深造,在哈佛大学攻读博士学位。哈佛大学有很多世界顶尖的植物学家和丰富的中国植物标本以及世界闻名的阿诺德植物园。对于胡先骕这样的研究者来说,这是一座知识金矿。然而,他始终无法接受一个中国学者必须要到世界另一端去研究中国的植物。在1925年的一首诗中,他写道:“这是国家的耻辱,我的心难以承受。”
1926年,在完成博士学位后不久,胡先骕开始纠正这种情况。他认为植物是一种重要的工农业资源,并为南京建设植物园提供了资金。为了支持他的计划,他指出改变世界的植物产品,如橡胶、茶和金鸡纳树,都受益于在植物园内进行的研究。
但就当胡先骕的想法似乎越来越受欢迎了,当时的国民党政府在夏天发动了一场大规模的远征,抛弃了这一想法。胡先骕并没有屈服,他在1933年又尝试了一次,这一次他提出在庐山建立一个植物园,离他长大的地方很近。当时,中国北部正遭受日本侵略的威胁,胡先骕尝试用这种恐惧的影响力去完成他的项目。在那一年的会议上,他宣称庐山的设施不仅仅只是一个植物园:如果日军继续侵略,这里也可以作为“一个供其他研究所迁移的基地”。他为他周游中国的计划取得了支持和资金。1934年,庐山森林植物园,后来更名为庐山植物园,正式成立。仿照英国伦敦皇家植物园,庐山森林植物园是一个短暂但了不起的成功。1934到1938年期间,植物园和中外的植物研究所建立了种子交换体系,开展了对中国植物资源的调查,培育了3100余种植物。
to bring the garden to life国家植物园
转译法,将动词句子变成了名词。突出了国家植物园。
intellect stood out from an early age天资卓越
汉语以人为中心,英语以物为中心,赋予intellect以动作。而汉语以他为中心,形容他天资卓越,突出人。
winning him获得了
主动和被动,英语多以被动为主,汉语多以主动为主。
After graduating from the University of California, Berkeley in 1916 with a degree in Botany, Hu was named the vice-director of the Jiangxi Lushan Bureau of Forestry. 1916年他从加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校毕业并获得植物学学位之后,被任命为江西省庐山森林局副局长。
省略,在第二短句开头省略了Hu,实现译文的连贯。
Not long after, he became a professor of agricultural sciences at Southeast University in the eastern city of Nanjing, where he teamed with zoologist Bing Zhi to found the country’s first ever Department of Biology.不久后,他受聘为国立南京高等师范学校农林专修科植物学教授,跟动物学家秉志一起建立了中国的第一个生物系。
省略,where在译文中没有翻译出来,汉语是意合,英语是形合,所以汉语在翻译过程中不需要where这样的连接词。
It was an impressive start to his academic career, 对他的职业生涯来说,这是一个很不错的开始。
顺序调整,将职业生涯提前,使句子更连贯。
but Hu wasn’t satisfied. 但胡先骕并不满足于此
增译,加上了于此,将句子意思解释更清楚。
It was a goldmine for a researcher like Hu.对像胡先骕这样的研究者来说,哈佛大学简直就是一座金矿。
顺序调整,增译,增加了这样的研究者,扩充指代内容,使句子意思更明确。
Yet he could never quite stomach the idea that a Chinese scholar should have to travel to the other side of the world to study Chinese plants.那时中国人想研究中国植物却要远赴异国他乡,胡先骕很不喜欢这个感觉。
汉语是主题突出,英语是主体突出,这里强调的是前面这个现象,这才是句子重点。
not long after finishing his Ph.D., Hu set about rectifying the situation.胡先骕在获得博士学位后不久,就着手改变这种现状。
英语句子呈树状,而汉语呈竹状。将胡先煦提前,使句子按逻辑顺序逐层展开。
Arguing that plants represented an important industrial and agricultural resource, 胡先骕认为植物是重要的工业和农业资源,
调整主语位置。将胡先煦提前,使文章逻辑更清晰。
he sought funds for the construction of a botanical garden in Nanjing. 因此积极寻求资金支持,打算在南京筹建植物园。
拆分法。长句汉译符合汉语多用短语的语言习惯,层次清晰,语言连贯。
he sought funds for the construction of a botanical garden in Nanjing. 因此积极寻求资金支持,打算在南京筹建植物园。
连词增补。增加了“因此”这个因果连词,根据句子之间潜在的逻辑线索实现行文的连贯。
he sought funds for the construction of a botanical garden in Nanjing. 因此积极寻求资金支持,打算在南京筹建植物园。
增译。增加了“打算”,基本保留英语语序,减少疏漏,但又使句子更容易理解。
In support of his plan, 以此来证明他的计划之重要性。
顺序调整。先翻译他说指出的问题,再翻译之所以指出问题的原因,从而使逻辑安排更紧凑和连贯,上下文衔接更自然,达到信息重心安置得当,语段文气贯通。
it was abandoned when the ruling Kuomintang regime launched a major military expedition that summer.当时的国民党政府于当年夏天发起了一场大规模的军事行动,使得他的计划不得不终止。
汉语重主题,英语重主语,调整顺序。将原文按因果关系翻译,重在讲述主题。
it was abandoned when the ruling Kuomintang regime launched a major military expedition that summer.当时的国民党政府于当年夏天发起了一场大规模的军事行动,使得他的计划不得不终止。
增译。在终止前增译了“不得不”,强调了该事件发生的突然,并且突出了这件事对胡先煦的打击之大。
this time proposing a botanical garden in Lushan, near where he grew up.只不过这次的选址是他家乡附近的庐山。
增译。增加了“只不过”的衔接连词,根据句子之间潜在的逻辑线索实现行文的连贯。
Hu rallied support and funding for his plan on trips across China,他跑遍中国,上上下下寻求支持和资金,
增译。增译了“上上下下”,强调了胡先煦为寻求资金所作出的努力,并且该词符合中文文章习惯。