《英汉汉英笔译1》作业 英语2104班 许嘉雯

原文：

Improved human well-being is one of the greatest triumphs of the modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: 2 billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organization and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa. This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have focused on ending hunger. These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a variety of food. International fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers. People’s leisure time is also being occupied by television, movies, and video games in the growing number of households.

译文：民生得到改善是当代最伟大的胜利之一。丰衣足食的年代出现了一场令人意想不到的全球健康危机:20亿人超重或肥胖。发达国家尤其容易受到不良增重的影响。而如今，发展中国家也面临着同样的危机。高收入国家的肥胖率已经达峰值，但其他国家的肥胖率正在加速上升。世界卫生组织和世界银行的联合调查结果显示，2016年，世界上半数的肥胖儿童生活在亚洲，四分之一在非洲。这场危机将考验致力于消除饥饿的各国政府的政治决心。这些政府必须明白，那些使得城市更加便捷高效的东西，同样也会让居民容易变胖。城市里的人们喜欢各种各样的食物。国际快餐连锁店正在逐渐遍布于发展中国家。这种不良饮食习惯威胁着人们的健康，而城市居民久坐的生活方式则加剧了这种风险。在越来越多的家庭中，人们的闲暇时间也被电视、电影和电子游戏所占据。

2020 was a difficult year for many reasons, including, of course, a global pandemic. In the year’s final days, my husband, our 17-year-old son, who loves to hike, and I had been cooped up at home for months. Over the summer, we had taken advantage of our unexpected time together, camping, hiking, and backpacking in California’s mountains. But winter found us housebound and feeling a bit trapped. Our annual pilgrimage to Joshua Tree National Park to stay with friends and “hike our guts out,” as I often put it, had been quashed by Northern California’s third lockdown. Like a caged coyote, I paced our little house in Davis, thinking I would lose my mind if I couldn’t do something to break up the tedium of sheltering in place in winter’s darkness.

因为各种原因，2020年是困难重重的一年，当然包括这场全球疫情，在这一年的最后几天，我的老公，我们17岁正是爱远足的儿子，和我一起在家被封了数月。这个夏天，我们利用意想不到的相聚时间去露营、远足、背包旅行去加利福利亚。但是冬天，我们发现不能离开家，感受到被困住了。我们每年去约书亚树公园朝圣，和朋友待在一起，使我们充满勇气，就像我经常说的。但在北加州的第三次封锁取消了这一次计划。就像一只被困在笼子里的郊狼。我在戴维斯的小房子里心想如果我不能做点什么去打破在冬天的黑暗中的单调乏味，我会疯掉的。

译后反思报告

班级：     英语2104               

姓名：     许嘉雯               

学号：202130502000225

1.2020 was a difficult year for many reasons, including, of course, a global pandemic.

2.In the year’s final days, my husband, our 17-year-old son, who loves to hike, and I had been cooped up at home for months.

3.Over the summer, we had taken advantage of our unexpected time together, camping, hiking, and backpacking in California’s mountains.

4.Our annual pilgrimage to Joshua Tree National Park to stay with friends and “hike our guts out,” as I often put it, had been quashed by Northern California’s third lockdown.

5.I paced our little house in Davis, thinking I would lose my mind if I couldn’t do something to break up the tedium of sheltering in place in winter’s darkness.

第一篇

1. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain.

2. This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have focused on ending hunger.

3.Urbanites enjoy a variety of food. International fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries.

原文：

Behind China’s New Botanical Garden

On April 18, 2022, the China National Botanical Garden officially opened its doors to the public — almost 80 years after it was first proposed. And while he didn’t live to see it happen, no one loomed larger over last month’s ceremony than Hu Xiansu, the man who spent his entire career trying to bring the garden to life.

Hu was born in 1894 in Nanchang, the capital of the central province of Jiangxi. His intellect stood out from an early age, winning him a coveted spot in an elite overseas exchange program. After graduating from the University of California, Berkeley in 1916 with a degree in Botany, Hu was named the vice-director of the Jiangxi Lushan Bureau of Forestry. Not long after, he became a professor of agricultural sciences at Southeast University in the eastern city of Nanjing, where he teamed with zoologist Bing Zhi to found the country’s first ever Department of Biology.

It was an impressive start to his academic career, but Hu wasn’t satisfied. In 1923, he returned to the United States for a Ph.D. program at Harvard University.Harvard boasted some of the world’s top botanists, a wealth of Chinese botanical specimens, and the world-renowned Arnold Arboretum. It was a goldmine for a researcher like Hu. Yet he could never quite stomach the idea that a Chinese scholar should have to travel to the other side of the world to study Chinese plants. In a 1925 poem, he called it “a disgrace to the nation that my heart can hardly bear.”

In 1926, not long after finishing his Ph.D., Hu set about rectifying the situation. Arguing that plants represented an important industrial and agricultural resource, he sought funds for the construction of a botanical garden in Nanjing. In support of his plan, he pointed out that world-changing plant products like rubber, tea, and cinchona all benefitted from studies conducted in botanical gardens.

But just when Hu’s idea seemed to be gaining steam, it was abandoned when the ruling Kuomintang regime launched a major military expedition that summer.Undeterred, Hu tried again in 1933, this time proposing a botanical garden in Lushan, near where he grew up. At the time, northern China was under threat of invasion by the Japanese, and Hu tried leveraging this fear to get his project built. At a meeting that year, he declared the Lushan facility would not just be a botanical garden: Should the Japanese invade, it would also serve as “a base to which (other research institutes) could be relocated.” Hu rallied support and funding for his plan on trips across China, and in August 1934, the Lushan Forest Botanical Garden — later renamed the Lushan Botanical Garden — was officially founded.Modeled after the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew, England, the Lushan Forest Botanical Garden was a remarkable, if short-lived, success. Between 1934 and 1938, the Garden developed a seed exchange network with botanical research institutes in China and abroad, carried out investigations into Chinese botanical resources, and cultivated more than 3,100 species of plants.

国家植物园于2022年4月18日正式对外开放，这距离它首次被提出已经过了约八十年之久。没有一个开园仪式能比胡先骕用一生来建造的花园的开园仪式更引人注目了，尽管他没能看到这一盛况。

胡先骕于1894年出生在江西省的省会南昌。他从小就聪慧过人，这为他赢得了参加人人向往的参加海外精英交换项目的机会。1916年获得植物学学位并从加州大学伯克利分校毕业后，他担任了江西省庐山森林局副局长，不久后，他成为了国立南京高等师范学校农林专修科植物学教授。在这里他与动物学家秉志合作，创立了民国建国以来的第一个生物学系。

这是他学术生涯令人印象深刻的开端，但胡先生对此并不满意。1923年，他为了哈佛大学的博士学位回到美国。哈弗大学拥有世界顶尖的植物学专家，丰富的中国植物标本以及世界著名的阿诺德植物园。这对于一些像胡先骕一样的研究人员来说，是一笔巨大的财富。他始终无法接受，中国的研究者需要到世界的其他地方去学习中国的植物。他在1925年的诗集中写道“这是最令他难以接受的民族耻辱。”

1926年，胡先生得到博士学位后不久，他便开始着手改变这一情况。他认为植物是重要的工业和农业资源，与此同时他也在为南京植物园的建造筹集资金。为了有人能支持他的想法，他指出那些能改变世界的植物的发现例如橡胶，茶叶和金鸡纳树，都得益于人们对植物园的研究。

就在胡先生的想法得到越来越多的关注与支持时，却因国民党在那年夏天发起的一次大规模军事远征而被迫放弃。1933年，他再次尝试，这一次他选择在庐山建造植物园，这个地方离他从小生活的不远，当时，中国北方正在遭受日军的侵略，但胡先生试图利用这种恐惧的力量来完成他的项目。在那一年的一次会议上，胡先生提出庐山研究所将不仅仅是一个植物园：如果日本入侵，它将成为 “一个（其他研究机构）可以搬迁的基地”。胡先生为他跨越中国的计划争取得了支持和资金，并且在1934年8月，庐山森林植物园—后来改名为庐山植物园—正式创建。庐山森林植物园仿照英国裘园的皇家植物园，取得了短暂但非凡的成就。1934年至1938年间，庐山森林植物园与国内外植物研究所建立了种子交换的友好关系，调查了中国的植物资源，并且培育了3100多种植物。

1. what：it was first proposed…

 知识点：汉英主被动，汉语主动，英语被动

 解释：原文中为be proposed，被动语态，汉语译为初次提议，而不应该译为第一次被提出

2. what: …in Nanchang, the capital of the central province of Jiangxi

 知识点：文化词语增补信息

 解释：直接翻译为江西南昌，地名不用刻意强调江西省的省会南昌市，属于文化常识

3. what: he become a professor of agricultural sciences at Southeast University in the eastern city of Nanjing.

 知识点：汉英语序不同

 解释：翻译为“他（1）受聘为（2）国立南京高等师范学校（5）农林专修科植物学（4）教授（3）”

4. what: he could never quite stomach the idea that…

    知识点：判断词义，一词多义是要注意选择最恰当的，然后根据上下文判断词义

    解释：stomach有胃，腹部，欲望，倾向，勇气，忍受等多个不同的含义，在这里应该选择忍受、承受，联系整句话，可以译为“不喜欢”

5. what: in 1926, not long after finishing his Ph. D., Hu set about rectifying the situation.

 知识点：篇章翻译中的省略

 解释：in 1926, （it was）not long after finishing his Ph. D., 使文章更简洁

On April 18, 2022, the China National Botanical Garden officially opened its doors to the public — almost 80 years after it was first proposed.

 英汉思维对比客体和主体

 汉语主题显著，英语注重注意主语，译文将“it was first proposed”将被动转为主动，将英语的“主语—谓语”转换成汉语的“主题—评论”结构。

6、It was a goldmine for a researcher like Hu.

 客体和主体

 译文是“对像胡先骕这样的研究者来说，哈佛大学简直就是一座金矿。”西方文化以人本为主体，西方文化以客体为主体，汉语更符合我们的思维逻辑和表达方式。

7、Harward boosted some of the world‘s top botanists，a wealth of Chinese botanical specimens，and the world-renowned Arnold Arboretum.It was a goldmine for a researcher like Hu.

 篇章翻译中的指代

 “It”指代Harward，避免语篇的累赘反复，读起来逻辑清晰。

8、But just when Hu‘s idea seemed to be gaining steam ，it was abandoned when the ruling Kuomintang regime lauched a major military expedition that summer.

 修辞翻译中的暗喻和文化价值

 “gain steam”本意是“获得蒸汽”，以为翻译成“推进加速”，将蒸汽比作动力。文化价值是当时英国工业革命后，进入蒸汽时代，蒸汽是当时人类生活的主要动力。

9、He rallied support and funding for his plan on trips across China.

 修辞翻译中的夸张

 译文“他跑遍中国，上上下下寻求支持和资金”强调突出了胡先骕为建设植物园付出的努力之大。