第一次作业：绍兴古桥文化
要求：Translation appreciation:
译文赏析：阅读如下原文和译文，请对此翻译进行评价，分析其可圈可点或者不尽人意之处。感兴趣的同学可以提出你自己的版本！
绍兴古桥：璀璨的大越文化
在水乡绍兴，至今仍完好保存着唐宋元明清以及民国时期的古桥700余座，最古老的可以追溯到唐朝，最新的建于民国时期。绍兴古桥类型众多，布局灵活，功能齐全，其高超的建桥技术和深邃的表现艺术，展示了优秀璀璨的大越文化。在中国桥梁史上有重要地位、现存最古老的城市桥梁为绍兴城内宋代的八字桥，其状如八字，故得名。住在这一带的人们，每一天都要经过这座古桥，每个人都因桥的存在而感到幸福和骄傲。这里的游客也很多，他们来自五湖四海，有的一边欣赏景观，一边赞叹古桥雄伟的风貌。绍兴有许多桥梁名字很吉祥。过桥的各种习俗也由来已久，例如，结婚、孩子满月等。
Time-honored Shaoxing Bridges：a Showcase of Splendid Yue Culture
Shaoxing, which is crisscrossed by numerous rivers and lakes, is home to a large number of ancient bridges, among which more than 700 ones have been well preserved, with the oldest dated back to the Tang dynasty(618-907) and the youngest to the early decades of the Republic of China (1911-1949).
These bridges are in a variety of kinds, shapes and functions, whose advanced technology and profound art form showcase how splendid the Yue culture was. And Bazi Bridge in Shaoxing is the oldest urban bridge of China, taking its name from its shape, like the Chinese character “八”. It was built during the Song dynasty, which plays an important role in China’ bridge history. Now it brings a sense of happiness and pride to the local residents in the neighborhood. It also hosts a lot of tourists each day, from home and abroad, who enjoy the its unique scenery and marvel at its history and beauty. Some of the bridge names suggest auspiciousness and happiness. Therefore on some special occasions, such as wedding day, baby’s one-month celebration, etc., local people would cross those bridges, hoping this will bring them good luck.
作业：
1、绍兴古桥：璀璨的大越文化 Time-honored Shaoxing Bridges：a Showcase of Splendid Yue Culture
赏析：文章标题简洁达意。
2、在水乡绍兴，至今仍完好保存着唐宋元明清以及民国时期的古桥700余座，最古老的可以追溯到唐朝，最新的建于民国时期。
Shaoxing, which is crisscrossed by numerous rivers and lakes, is home to a large number of ancient bridges, among which more than 700 ones have been well preserved, with the oldest dated back to the Tang dynasty(618-907) and the youngest to the early decades of the Republic of China (1911-1949).
赏析：第二句话整个结构很精凑，用词很精确，例如home to、crisscross、well preserved等。但句子有些过长，可以考虑分译法。
个人版本：Threaded by numerous rivers and lakes，Shaoxing is home to more than a large number of ancient bridges，among which more than 700 ones have been well preserved. The oldest could date back to the Tang dynasty(618-907) and the youngest to the early decades of the Republic of China (1911-1949).
3、绍兴古桥类型众多，布局灵活，功能齐全，其高超的建桥技术和深邃的表现艺术，展示了优秀璀璨的大越文化。
These bridges are in a variety of kinds, shapes and functions, whose advanced technology and profound art form showcase how splendid the Yue culture was.
赏析：这句话的结构非常好，用定语从句使整个句子很紧密，逻辑关系一目了然。
4、在中国桥梁史上有重要地位、现存最古老的城市桥梁为绍兴城内宋代的八字桥，其状如八字，故得名。
And Bazi Bridge in Shaoxing is the oldest urban bridge of China, taking its name from its shape, like the Chinese character “八”. It was built during the Song dynasty, which plays an important role in China’ bridge history.
个人译版：Shaoxing Bazi Bridge，the oldest bridge in the city，gained its name from its shape，Chinese character “八”. It built in the Song Dynasty，playing an important role in the China‘ s bridge history.
赏析：这句话翻译的时候改了语序，翻译的更加清晰，读者易读懂。
5、住在这一带的人们，每一天都要经过这座古桥，每个人都因桥的存在而感到幸福和骄傲。
Now it brings a sense of happiness and pride to the local residents in the neighborhood. It also hosts a lot of tourists each day, from home and abroad, who enjoy the its unique scenery and marvel at its history and beauty.
赏析：这句话没有提供个人版本，因为个人版本没有跳出源于的限制，有一些逐字逐句翻译，不能很好的穿搭意思，而上面的版本转换了思路，“每一天、桥的存在”等并不需要翻译，这句话想传达的意思就是过桥给给人们带来自豪感和幸福感。
6、这里的游客也很多，他们来自五湖四海，有的一边欣赏景观，一边赞叹古桥雄伟的风貌。绍兴有许多桥梁名字很吉祥。过桥的各种习俗也由来已久，例如，结婚、孩子满月等。
It also hosts a lot of tourists each day, from home and abroad, who enjoy the its unique scenery and marvel at its history and beauty. Some of the bridge names suggest auspiciousness and happiness. Therefore on some special occasions, such as wedding day, baby’s one-month celebration, etc., local people would cross those bridges, hoping this will bring them good luck.
个人译版：It has attracted a lot of tourists from all over the world，all of whom highly praise the marvelous scenery. Some of bridges in Shaoxing are known for its auspicious names. So on some special occassions，such as wedding day，baby‘ one month celebration， etc， local residents would cross those bridges to pray for good luck.
赏析：这句话有几个难译的文化词，例如满月，示例译本的suggest非常传神合适。
第二次作业 探访大禹陵case study
任务详情
地方文化外译第二次作业：探禹穴Case study of the translation at Dayu Mausoleum
史学家司马迁南游访古，曾“上会稽，探禹穴”。大家利用国庆假期探索绍兴地方文化。同时点评其中英文标识，例如门口的一个标识牌为必做题,首先，对原文和原译文进行赏析和评价，指出优缺点；然后给出你的原创版本，一定是你的版本哦！老师也会做滴，我们一起交流。本次作业100分。
学有余力的同学还可以分享景点中其他的翻译。附加分8分
第一句：全域旅游景点介绍 10分
Introduction to all-for-one Tourism Scenic Spots
评价赏析：
我的译文：
第二句：赏稽山鉴水，游千年古城 10分
Enjoy Kuaiji Mountain and Jianhu Lake Visit the Thousand-year-old Acient Town
评价赏析：
我的译文：
第三段：大禹陵景区 Daya Mausoleum Scenic Area 40分
大禹陵，古称禹穴，是大禹的葬地。它背靠会稽山，前临禹池，位于绍兴市越城区东南稽山门外会稽山麓，距市中心六公里，1996年被国务院命名为全国重点文物保护单位。大禹是上古时代一位治水英雄，中国第一个王朝夏朝的开国之君，被后人尊为“立国之祖”。会稽山为古代名山，《调礼•夏官•职方氏》. 曾将会稽山列为九大名山之首。
Dayu Mausolem (Called Yuxue in the ancient times) in the burial ground of Dayu. It is backed against Kuaiji Mountain, close to Yu Pool in the front, located at the foot of Kuaiji mountain outside Jishan Gate in the southeast of Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, 6 km from the urban center , regarded as the national key cultural protection unit by the State Council in 1996. Dayu is a water-governance hero of the remote ages, and a monarch that founded the Xia Dynasty as the first dynasty of China, reputed as the "Ancestor founding the State by descendants. Kuaiji Mountain was the famous mountain in ancient times. Zhouli Xiaguan Zhifangshi once listed Kuaiji Mountain as No1 Mountain among nine famous mountains.
第四段：东湖景区 East Lake Scenic Area 40 分
东湖在绍兴城东约五公里处，以山明、水秀、岩奇、洞幽而闻名。以崖壁、岩洞、石桥、湖面巧妙结合，成为著名园林，是浙江省的三大名湖之一。昔日秦始皇东巡至会稽，于此供刍草而得名东湖。东湖虽小，但因它的奇石、奇洞所构成的奇景使东湖成为旅游业界人士公认的罕见的“湖中之奇”。
East Lake is 5 km from the east of Shaoxing, famous for beautiful mountains, charming water, strange rocks and serene caves. Due to the exquisite combination of cliffs, caves, stone bridges and lake surfaces, it has become a famous garden, regarded as one of three famous lakes in Zhejiang. In the past, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty visited Kuaiji Mountain in the east, and the forage was provided here, hence the name “East Lake”. Although East Lake is samll, it has become the rare wonder among lakes recognized by the personnel from the toursim industry, due to the wonderful landscape composed of strange stones ans surprising caves.
第三次作业：地理
要求：借鉴如下英文译文，翻译自己的版本，体会汉译英时候中英思维方式的不同，恰当地使用合译、省译和语序调整等，提高译文的质量。
原文：中国地处亚洲东部，是世界上人口最多的国家。它地域辽阔，960万平方公里的土地上高山耸峙，大河奔流，湖泊如境，丘陵起伏，平原无垠，盆地肥沃。中华民族是勤劳智慧的民族，历来依靠自己的力量办自己的事情。作为世界四大文明古国之一，中国有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文明。历史为今人留下了令人惊叹不已的文化遗产，其中珍贵文物、名胜古迹、雄伟建筑等不胜校举。无论是从文学思想还是到科学、技术、政治和军事方面，各个历史时期都见证了其伟大成就对世界的贡献。中国文明的历史本身就是奇迹的历史。
原译文：China lies in the east of Asia and it has the largest population in the world. China has animmense land territory totaling 9.6 million square kilometersr. On this vast area of land, there are towering mountains, rushing rivers, calm lakes undulating hills, boundless plains and fertile basins. The Chinese nation is an industrious and ingenious nation, always relying on its own efforts to handle its own affairs. As one of the world's four countries of great ancient civilization, China is a large country with a long history of civilization. China today is left with innumerable cultural heritages from the long past, including priceless relics, historicsites, scenic spots, and edifices of architectural richness, too numerous to mention one by one. Various historical periods have witnessed the significant contribution of its great achievements to the world ranging from literary and ideological to scientific, technological, political and military aspects. China's history of civilization is a history of wonder in itself.
你的译文：提示注意文化外译中的Acceptance, 目的语读者的接受度哦。
Located in the east of Asia with the largest population in the world，China boasts an immense land territory totaling 9.6 million square kilometers. On this vast area of land, it is characterized with towering mountains, rushing rivers, calm lakes，undulating hills, boundless plains and fertile basins. As one of the world's four countries of great ancient civilization, China is a large country with a long history of civilization. Home to innumerable cultural heritages from the long past, China is abundant in priceless relics, historic sites, scenic spots, and edifices of architectural richness, too numerous to mention one by one. Various historical periods have witnessed the significant contribution of its great achievements to the world ranging from literary and ideological to scientific, technological, political and military aspects. China's history of civilization is a history of wonder in itself.
译文流畅，句子灵活。与原译文改动少，要自己动脑哦，形成自己的风格。
第四次作业： 绍兴打造“文学之城”
翻译如下文章： 并总结其中的难点和你的解决方法
绍兴打造“文学之城”
今年是唐代诗人贺知章逝世1270周年。19日上午，由市文联、市文艺评论家协会主办的“乡情诗风”——纪念贺知章逝世1270周年暨绍兴诗歌创作与发展研讨会在绍兴举行。研讨会上，省、市诗歌研究专家、诗人等共同为绍兴诗歌的创作与发展把脉。
贺知章早年迁居山阴(今绍兴市)，少时即以诗文知名，更是浙江历史上第一位有资料记载的状元，其中，《咏柳》《回乡偶书》两首诗歌脍炙人口、千古传诵。与会专家表示，我们要进一步挖掘先贤贺知章身上的文化内涵，进一步做好传承与发展的文章，共同推进绍兴诗歌的繁荣和发展，进而打造“文学之城”。
记者从研讨会中了解到，绍兴将引进、培养专业的“文学人才”，为人才创造良好的创作条件。“绍兴是文学家鲁迅的故乡，每年都有百万余人来绍兴‘朝圣’，因此绍兴本身就具有文学的底蕴，具备‘文学之城’的基础条件。”与会专家表示。
第五次作业理解当代中国用英文讲述如下外婆坑致富的故事，并评价原译文不妥的地方。
张媛媛
202030502000230
The Thirty Years of the Mountains, the Family, and the Man
修改：The story of the rags to riches of the thirty years of the mountains，the family and the man
Ladies and gentlemen，Ladies and gentlemen，Today, I’d like to share with you a story about a small mountain village, a family, and a man who has changed over the past thirty years.
女士们、先生们：今天我想和大家分享一个故事，一个关于一座小山村、一户家庭、一个人过去三十年变化的故事。
修改：Ladies and gentlemen，Ladies and gentlemen，Today, I’d like to share with you a story about a small mountain village, a family, and a man who became rich over the past thirty years.
This village, called "Waipokeng", sits in Jingling Town, Xinchang County, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. There is a normal peasant family surnamed Lin here.
这个小山村名叫“外婆坑村”，位于浙江省绍兴市新昌县镜岭镇，这里有一户姓林的普通农民家庭。
修改：This village, called "Waipokeng", sits in Jingling Town, Xinchang County, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Provinc恶，Where there is a family surnamed Lin here.
In 1956, China completed the transformation of socialist public ownership and began to carry out socialist construction in an all-around way. A boy named Lin Jinren was born here. He is the fourth child in the family. Because of extreme poverty, his family lived on government food aid for nine months every year.
1956年，中国完成社会主义公有制改造，开始全面进行社会主义建设，一个叫林金仁的男孩出生在这里，他是家里的第4个孩子。因为极端贫困，这个家庭每年有9个月靠领取政府救济粮度日。
修改：In 1956, China completed the transformation of socialist public ownership and began to carry out socialist construction in an all-around way. A boy named Lin Jinren was born here who is the fourth child in the family. Because of extreme poverty, his family lived on government food aid for nine months every year.
In 1971, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the whole country was self-reliant and worked hard. Lin Jinren, who graduated from junior high school, left his hometown and went to a strange city to make a living alone, with his parents' entrustment to "eat enough and have a family".
1971年，举国上下在党的领导下，自力更生，艰苦奋斗。初中毕业的林金仁，带着父母“吃饱饭、成个家”的嘱托，离开了家乡，到陌生的城市独自谋生。
修改: In 1971, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the whole country was self-reliant and worked hard. Therefore, Lin Jinren, who graduated from junior high school, left his hometown and went to a strange city to make a living alone, with his parents' entrustment to "eat enough and have a family".
In 1990, the spring breeze of reform and opening-up, and socialist modernization blew into the village. Waipokeng Village, with an annual per capita income of less than 90 yuan, also wanted to become rich. As the only "ten-thousand-yuan- household" in the village, Lin Jinren was elected by the villagers as director of the village committee.
1990年，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的春风吹到了村里，人均年收入只有不到90元的外婆坑村也想致富，作为村里唯一的“万元户”，林金仁被村民推选为村委会主任。
修改：In 1990，reform and opening-up, and socialist modernization was launched in the village，and villagers with an annual per capita income of less than 90 yuan, also wanted to become rich. As the only villager earning more than tens of thousands of yuan in the village, Lin Jinren was elected by the villagers as director of the village committee.
Therefore, Lin Jinren came back to the home he had always dreamed of, with his wife and three young children, as well as the hard-earned 60,000 yuan in his arms.
就这样，怀揣着辛苦赚来的6万元，35岁的林金仁被请回了村里，带着妻子和3个孩子回到了这个令他魂牵梦萦的家。
修改：Therefore, he came back to the hometown he missed very much, with his wife and three young children, as well as the hard-earned 60,000 yuan in his arms.
At the time, in Waipokeng Village, 80 households had 40 bachelors. Lin Jinren wanted the villagers to go out and have a look. He thought, "I must find a way out of the mountains for my people!"
这时的外婆坑村，80户人家有40个单身汉，林金仁想让乡亲们多出去走走看看，他寻思：得问山要出路。
修改：At the time, in Waipokeng Village, 80 households had 40 single men. Lin wanted the villagers to go out and see different things. He thought, "We must break through the isolation of the mountains."
This year, he made 86 visits to the county capital to raise funds for road construction. In just one year, he wore out three pairs of Jiefang shoes by walking 20 kilometers each time back and forth. The governor of Zhejiang province came. Lin Jinren patted his chest, made his pledge, and led the whole village- men, women, and children- to work from dawn to dusk to open up the road in only 60 days.
这一年，他86次来回县城落实修路资金，每次徒步20公里，一年时间跑破了3双解放鞋。省长来了，林金仁冲省长拍了胸脯，立下军令状，然后带着全村男女老少起早贪黑赶工，用60天时间把公路打通了。
修改：This year, he made 86 visits to the county capital to raise funds for road construction. In just one year, he wore out three pairs of shoes by walking 20 kilometers each time back and forth. The governor of Zhejiang province visited the village . Lin patted his chest, made his promise, and led the whole village- men, women, and children- to work from dawn to dusk to open up the road in only 60 days.
Two years later, the entire road was completed. This year, 29 bachelors who went out to work came back with their wives. But what do people do for a living when they return? Lin Jinren looked out at the rolling mountains and thought, “I must make a living from the mountains for my people!”He took the villagers up the mountain to clear the wasteland and planted tea trees.
两年后，公路全线竣工。这一年，出去打工的单身汉们带回了29个媳妇，可是，人来了干些什么呢？望着周围绵延起伏的大山，林金仁寻思：得问山要生计。他带着村民上山开荒，种起了茶树。
修改：Two years later, the entire road was completed. This year, 29 single men who went out to work came back with their wives. But what do people do for a living when they return? Lin Jinren looked out at the rolling mountains and thought, “I must make a living from the mountains for my people!”He took the villagers up the mountain to clear the wasteland and planted tea trees.
By selling tea year after year, Lin Jinren's family bought the first car in the village in 2003. This year, the average annual income of the village reached 4,500 yuan.
年复一年，靠着卖茶叶，2003年，林金仁家里买了全村第一台小汽车，这一年，村里人均年收入达到了4500元。
修改：By selling tea year after year, Lin‘ s family bought the first car in the village in 2003. This year, the average annual income of the village reached 4,500 yuan.
Lin Jinren encouraged the villagers to set up a tea cooperative. The tea grown by each household was packaged and sold together. The tea grown in the village has its own name: " Waipokeng Dafo Longjing” and has been sold to other parts of China, and even as far away as the United States.
林金仁鼓动乡亲们成立了茶叶合作社，每家每户种出来的茶叶一起包装一起卖，村子里种的茶叶有了自己的名字：“外婆坑”大佛龙井，他们一直把茶叶卖到了美国。
修改：Lin Jinren encouraged the villagers to set up a tea cooperative. The tea grown by each household was packaged and sold together，and the tea has its own name: " Waipokeng Dafo Longjing” and has been sold to other parts of China, and even as far away as the United States.
In 2012, socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, and life in the village was better. Lin Jinren, who had no worries about food and clothing, thought about bringing the villagers to earn more money. He thought, “I must ask the mountains for wealth.”
2012年，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，村里的日子好过了，吃穿不愁的林金仁琢磨带着村民再多挣些钱，他寻思：得问山要财富。
修改：In 2012, socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, and life in the village was better. Lin Jinren, who had no worries about food and clothing, but he was eager for bringing the villagers to earn more money. He thought, “We must gain wealth leveraging the advantages of the mountains.”
He improved the living environment of the village, developed special agricultural products, turned his home into a farm stay, and attracted people from the city to travel to the village. In one year, his family's income reached 65,000 yuan. The villagers followed suit and attracted more and more tourists to visit the village.
他改善村居环境，开发特色农产品，把自己家改造成民宿，吸引城里人到村里来旅游，一年下来两口子收入达到了6.5万元，村民们有样学样、纷纷效仿，到外婆坑村旅游的游客越来越多。
修改：He improved the living environment of the village, developed special agricultural products, turned his home into a homestay, and attracted people from the city to travel to the village. In one year, his family's income reached 65,000 yuan. The villagers followed suit and attracted more and more tourists to visit the village.
In 2021, China has historically solved the problem of absolute poverty and won the largest battle against poverty in human history. This year, the annual per capita income of Waipokeng exceeded 56,000 yuan, and more than 60% of the families in the village made more money than Lin Jinren's family.
2021年，中国历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题，打赢了人类历史上规模最大的脱贫攻坚战。这一年，外婆坑村人均年收入超过了5.6万元，全村60%以上的家庭年收入超过了林金仁家。
In the same year, Waipokeng Village was awarded the "National Advanced Group for Poverty Alleviation". Lin Jinren watched the historic event on live television. His mind was filled with a pyramid of thoughts as he recalled his 30 years of efforts in the past.
这一年，外婆坑村被授予“全国脱贫攻坚先进集体”，在家观看表彰大会直播的林金仁，回想过去的30年，思绪万千。
For most of Lin Jinren's life, he has been practicing the original mission of the Chinese Communists of "seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation". Now, Lin Jinren's youngest son has also joined the Chinese Communist Party, and together with his father, he leads the whole village on the path to the Chinese dream of common prosperity.
林金仁的大半辈子，都在践行中国共产党人“为中国人民谋幸福,为中华民族谋复兴”的初心使命，现在，林金仁的小儿子也加入了中国共产党，同父亲一起，走上带领全村百姓共同富裕的道路。
Hope you all enjoyed this story, thanks!
希望你们能喜欢这个故事，谢谢！
