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                      日期：2023年5月16日

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日期：2023年5月16日日期：2023年5月16日

吉尔精力分配模型指导下《特拉斯保守党年会演讲》英汉模拟交传实践报告

摘要

 如今，由于贸易、外交和文化交流的全球化趋势不断增长，不同语言之间的交流比以往任何时候都更加重要。历经几个世纪，口译一直是促进这种交流的主要手段。本文介绍了一项模拟交替传译实践，以利兹·特拉斯在保守党年会上发表的演讲为源文本，吉尔精力分配模型为指导框架，评估作者在该模型指导下及模拟口译环境中的口译表现。

 吉尔精力分配模型是一个广泛应用的框架，可确定以及评估交替传译中的表现。本文以该模型为指导，通过对模拟口译环境中的精力分配表现进行监控，研究并分析精力分配对口译产出的完整性、流畅性及语言质量的影响，一方面运用吉尔精力分配模型提高译者在交替传译中的表现，另一方面为其他译者研究演讲型文本的精力分配模型应用提供借鉴，丰富吉尔精力分配模型的使用场景。报告结果表明，吉尔精力分配模型可以成为模拟口译环境中提高交替传译表现的有效工具。在应用该模型提供的指导后，作者展现出了显著的口译技能提高并对不足之处提出了反思改进方案。

关键词《特拉斯保守党年会演讲》；模拟交传；吉尔精力分配模型；口译评估

A REPORT ON SIMULATED E-C CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETING OF TRUSS’ SPEECH AT THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY CONFERENCE 2022 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF GILE’S EFFORT MODEL

ABSTRACT

Today, due to the increasing trend of globalization in trade, diplomacy, and cultural exchange, communication between different languages is more important than ever before. For centuries, interpreting has been the main means of promoting this communication. This paper presents a simulated consecutive interpreting practice, using a speech delivered by Liz Truss at the Conservative Party Annual Conference as a source text and Gile’s Effort Model as a guiding framework to assess the authors' interpreting performance under the guidance of the model.

Gile's Effort Model is a widely applied framework for determining and evaluating performance in consecutive interpreting. This paper uses the model as a guide to monitor the performance of energy distribution in the simulated interpreting environment and study and analyze the influence of energy distribution on the completeness, fluency, and language quality of interpretation output. On the one hand, by applying Gile’s Effort Model, the performance of the interpreter in consecutive interpreting can be improved, while on the other hand, it can provide a reference for other interpreters to study the application of the model for speech-based texts, and enrich the scenarios of using the model. The results of the practice show that Gile's Effort Model can be an effective tool for improving consecutive interpreting performance. After following the guidance provided by the model, the author demonstrated significant improvements in interpreting skills and proposed reflective improvement plans for areas of weakness.

KEY WORDS  Truss’ Speech at the Conservative Party Conference 2022; simulated consecutive interpreting; Gile’s Effort Model; evaluation of interpretation

Table of Content

1Introduction

In this chapter, a general introduction to the report is presented, and it mainly contains four parts, including the background of the report, objectives of the report, significance of the report, and structure of the report.

1. Background of the Report

The speech studied in the report was made by Liz Truss in the year 2022, which is a critical moment for British politics and economy. The United Kingdom was faced with economic challenges raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. Under such a context, the speech made by Truss at the Conservative Party Conference focused on pro-growth and pro-enterprise policies, aiming to boost economic recovery and create opportunities for the working class. In the meantime, interpreting, as a form of language communication, has become increasingly important in a globalized world where cross-cultural communication has become essential. It is necessary for interpreters to not only possess language proficiency but also have knowledge of the cultural and political contexts in which they work. As the world becomes more interconnected, interpreters need to be able to communicate accurately and efficiently between cultures and politics. Nevertheless, Truss’ speech contains important cultural and political messages about the British, providing valuable learning opportunities for the new generation of interpreters.

Therefore, this report aims to provide a detailed analysis of the simulated E-C consecutive interpreting of Truss’ speech at the Conservative Party Conference 2022 under the guidance of Gile’s Effort Model. The report will examine the interpreting techniques used in the interpretation practice, the challenges faced by the interpreter, and the strategies employed to overcome them.

2. Objectives of the Report

The objectives of this report are three-fold. Firstly, this report aims to provide insights into the challenges presented when interpreting a speech-type source text, which is a common form of discourse in politics. And among these challenges, one of the biggest is the reproduction of emotions in political texts (李昭仪, 2021). By analyzing the linguistic and cultural aspects of Truss' speech, this report seeks to identify key strategies that can be employed by interpreters when interpreting similar speeches in the future.

Secondly, this report aims to demonstrate how Gile's Effort Model can guide interpreters in the process of consecutive interpreting. The model includes cognitive and physical effort, attention, and memory, as well as provides a useful framework for interpreters to understand and improve their interpreting performance. By applying the model to the interpretation of Truss' speech, this report aims to provide practical guidance on how interpreters can use the model to improve their skills and performance.

Thirdly, this report aims to offer up-to-date political information to other interpreters who may not be familiar with the current political climate in the UK. The speech by Truss, which was delivered at the Conservative Party Conference in 2022, provides valuable insights into the key issues and policies that are currently being debated in the UK. By analyzing and interpreting Truss' speech, a deeper understanding of the political landscape in the UK and the language and concepts that are commonly used in political discourse can be acquired.

3. Significance of the Report

The report is significant in three aspects. First, the report reveals the difficulties that interpreters may encounter in speech-type interpretation, as well as why these difficulties happen and how to deal with them.

Second, this report demonstrates how Gile's Effort Model can be used to guide interpreters in the process of interpreting a speech-type source text, helping them to manage their cognitive and memory resources more effectively. The paper also reminds interpreters of the importance of properly applying theoretical tools while interpreting.

Third, political interpreting in speech type plays a crucial role in international communication and diplomacy. Interpreters who specialize in political or speech-type interpreting need to be familiar with the latest political developments and trends. This report provides up-to-date political information about the UK, which will be valuable for interpreters who want to keep up with current political events and trends.

4. Structure of the Report

The report mainly contains five parts: In Chapter one, a general introduction is presented, including the background, objectives, significance, and structure of the report. In chapter two, the author describes the task description in detail, including pre-interpretation preparation, the process of interpretation, and post-interpretation reflection. Chapter three is the theoretical overview, introducing Gile’s Effort Model briefly and summarizing relevant researches home and abroad that are related to the theory of Gile’s Effort Model. Chapter four is case analysis. In this chapter, the author first demonstrates some of the difficulties that have been encountered in the process of interpretation, especially in three aspects, namely in the process of listening, memorizing, and note-taking. Then the author gives out relative solutions for each part to solve the difficulties. Chapter five is the conclusion covering the major findings and limitations of the report.

2. Task Description

In this chapter, the whole process of the simulated interpreting will be described, namely three parts including pre-interpretation preparation, the process of interpretation, and post-interpretation reflection.

1. Pre-interpretation Preparation

To perform better in the interpretation process, pre-interpretation preparation is essential. “Firstly, pre-interpreting preparation has a positive effect on the overall quality of interpreting output. Secondly, pre-interpreting preparation has a greater influence on the interpreting output of the intermediate language level group than it has on that of the advanced language level group” (Chen, 2020). Pre-interpretation preparation means clearing as many obstacles as possible for the interpretation practice based on adequate practice and understanding of the background information. If interpreters start to interpret in a hurry before it is ready, they will often make many mistakes, which will affect the quality of the interpretation.

1. Preparation for the Background of the Speech

Held by the Conservative Party each year, the Conservative Party conference is a four-day festival of politics and the location of political party conferences in the UK changes every year. The former conferences mainly involved enormous political, social, and economic issues, which provides us with opportunities to learn and understand the economic conditions as well as social and political problems that exist in Britain. There are also speeches from all the major players in a party, as well as smaller workshops and talks on specific issues of interest to both the Conservatives and the nation. The Conservative Party Conference of this year was held in Birmingham from Oct. 2nd to Oct. 5th, and thousands of Tory party members, campaigners, journalists, and politicians gathered to discuss important issues. Meanwhile, the “new” Prime Minister and “new” Chancellor Liz Truss has made a speech about the recent mini-Budget and the effect it has had on the market.

2. Preparation for Parallel Text

 “Under the guidance of Gile’s Effort Model, parallel texts preparation is one of the most effective methods in pre-interpretation preparation, because they let the interpreters know the speaker better.” (尹韬杰, 2021). On a linguistic level, Truss uses standard British pronunciation and speaks at a moderate speed with clarity. However, since the author usually deals with more American English, it is a challenge to distinguish and understand British English. In addition, since this is a live speech format, there will be some problems such as error correction and repetition of stuttering. Familiarity with the expression habits and pronunciation characteristics of the speaker Liz Truss can help alleviate anxiety and improve the quality of interpretation. To better familiarize with the speaking style of the speaker, Truss, and the content of her message, the author found another parallel text, namely Truss' Speech in Office, which is the speech delivered when Truss came to power as the new prime minister, and its main content also covers the economic and political sphere, sharing some similarities with the source text of this report.

3. Preparation for Adequate Tools

In the process of simulated consecutive interpreting, in addition to the accumulation of professional language knowledge, the thorough preparation of interpreting tools is also extremely important. The tools needed in the preparation for interpreting include a notebook, pen, recording equipment, and applications that can transform voice into text. At least two pens should be prepared to ensure that if there is a problem with the first pen, the second one can be replaced quickly. The notebook is palm-sized, which is convenient and consistent with the note-taking habits of the author and reduces time wastage as well. Also, make sure that the power supply of the audio and recording equipment is intact and sufficient so that they are in working condition and can function properly in the process of formal interpretation.

4. Preparation for Glossary

Glossary preparation is an essential part of interpretation as it helps interpreters become familiar with the specialized terminology of a particular field. By creating a glossary beforehand, interpreters can improve their accuracy and fluency during the actual interpretation. It also helps interpreters to be better prepared for the unexpected or technical language that may arise during the interpretation process.

Moreover, glossary preparation ensures that interpreters are consistent in their use of terminology throughout the interpretation. This is especially important in fields such as law, economy, and finance, where precise language is critical. Using incorrect terminology can result in serious misunderstandings, miscommunications, and even legal consequences.

In addition, glossary preparation allows interpreters to review and research unfamiliar terms, ensuring that they have a better understanding of the subject matter. This preparation also saves time during the interpretation process, allowing interpreters to focus on the message and the flow of communication. Here is the glossary list for this interpretation practice.

Table2-1 Glossary List

2. Process of Interpretation

The source text selected for this simulated interpretation is a speech delivered by former British Prime Minister Liz Truss at the 2022 Conservative Party Annual Conference, which is 36 minutes in total length. To ensure the coherence of the material, the mock interpretation was all completed at once. Before the start of the interpretation, the interpreter processed the original audio and cut it into 29 parts, each part lasting about 1.5 minutes. The interpreter also added a 2-minute gap between each part for interpretation. In addition, the interpreter prepared tools and recording equipment and ensured that they are in working order. During the interpretation process, the interpreter starts playing the audio, takes the notes, and completes the interpretation according to the notes. The recording equipment is activated simultaneously to record and evaluate the performance of the interpretation.

The listening stage is the most important in the whole process, and if this stage does not go smoothly, the rest of the work will be hard to continue. The speed of speech is moderate, but because the interpreter is not familiar with the British pronunciation, the sentences that have a heavier British accent take up more of the interpreter's energy. In the process of listening and discernment, the interpreter focused on comprehension, supplemented by notes, noting down the logical order of the discourse and important times and names of people. In the output stage, the interpreter interprets based on short-term memory and notes. Since the Chinese language emphasizes parataxis, to ensure the fluency and smoothness of the interpretation, the interpreter has to adopt appropriate connecting means according to the context. At the same time, based on stabilizing his mentality, the interpreter strives to achieve "faithfulness, elegance, and quality" in the output stage. When encountering difficulties in comprehension, the interpreter chooses to omit them reasonably to take care of the overall interpretation effect.

After the interpretation, the interpreter carried out a self-assessment of the interpretation output. At this stage, the interpreter transformed the original audio and interpretation audio into texts, compared the two, and marked any omissions or misinterpretations. The interpreter then presented the interpretation audio and text to the other three undergraduate interpretation majors for joint evaluation, comments, and scoring. Finally, the interpreter revised the interpretation by taking the comments of the other students into account. In this process, the interpreter conducted specific analysis and reflection through self-evaluation and other evaluations, aiming to produce a fluent and complete interpretation.

3. Post-interpretation Reflection

A complete interpretation practice must include post-interpretation reflection, which helps to improve the quality of future interpretations. At the end of the interpretation process, the interpreter compiled the audio and text materials, combined the interpreter's self-evaluation and the comments made by the other three students, made final revisions to the interpretation text, and organized the text with the original audio text and the evaluation of other students into a file for future reference.

1. Self-Evaluation

The author found that adequate pre-interpretation preparation helped a lot in predicting the language style, content, and vocabulary of the speech, the interpreter also grasped the general message. As the appropriate terms were prepared and a glossary was made, the interpreter's on-site response was comparatively quick. However, there also exist some problems. First, when faced with terms that could not respond quickly, the interpreter took too much time to think and placed too much emphasis on the accuracy of the wording, resulting in incomplete capture of other information in the bureau. Secondly, a large number of names of people and places in British politics were involved in the speech, and even though the corresponding preparation was made, there were still jams and phonetic errors in the interpretation process. Thirdly, due to the lack of relevant knowledge, when it comes to abbreviations and some culturally loaded words, such as "NHS", "SNP", "Lib Dems", "Virtue Signaling" and "Covid Backlog", the interpreter got stuck and failed to quickly understand the meaning of the corresponding words. “What is the full expression of it?” “What does it mean?” “Should I interpret these words word for word?" Such questions hinder the interpretation. Fourth, due to the pursuit of coherence, this interpretation practice was completed all at once, which also led to a decrease in the interpreter's concentration during the interpretation process, and the accuracy and coherence became worse as time went on.

2. Comments from Audience

All three listeners expressed their opinions. They thought the whole process was smooth and the quality of interpretation was acceptable. However, there are still some issues that could be improved. First, when the speaker outputted a high density of information, the interpreter was confused, and fluency and accuracy were affected. Second, when it comes to figure interpretation, although the outcome is accurate, the fluency is not enough and there will be obvious traces of thinking. Third, some expressions are not authentic enough, and interpreting according to the English order makes the audience unable to understand the meaning of some sentences, and it is rather awkward and confusing. Fourth, there are still misinterpretations and omissions in some cases of sentences. In addition to these points that can be further improved, the audience thought that the interpreter also performed well in some parts, such as being able to allocate his energy properly to catch key words when dealing with long and difficult sentences, and using appropriate interpreting strategies such as prediction and summarization to complete the entire interpreting task. The audience also recognized the effectiveness of Gile's Effort Model as a guide for this interpretation practice.

3. Theoretical Overview

Consecutive interpreting is a complex language activity. The quality of the output is closely related to many factors, among which the effort of the interpreter is a major factor. The Effort Model proposed by Daniel Gile is a major innovation in interpretation theory and provides a guiding idea for theoretical research and interpretation practice.

1. Gile’s Effort Model

Born in France, Daniel Gile is the current President of the European Society for Translation Studies and a member of the Association of International Interpreters Conference (AIIC). He holds a Ph.D. in Japanese and linguistics. He is the author of eight books, including "Research on International Conference Interpreting" and "Basic Concepts and Models of Interpreter Training", and is internationally recognized as one of the world's leading interpreting researchers. In the 1980s, Gile proposed the Effort Model for interpreters, which mainly studied the process of simultaneous interpretation and provided a guiding idea for workers in the field of interpretation.

Daniel Gile proposed his Effort Models to help interpreters understand the “difficulties of interpreting and select appropriate strategies and tactics” (Gile, 1992). The underlying basic ideas are mainly two: “interpretation requires some sort of mental ‘energy’ that is only available in limited supply”; interpretation “takes up almost all of this mental energy, and sometimes requires more than is available, at which times performance deteriorates” (Gile, 2011).

The key concepts of the Effort Models are the Processing Capacity and “the fact that some mental operations in interpreting require” a significant amount of it (Gile, 1992). Since each interpreting phase implies an effort, the interpreter should therefore be able to find a balance among them in terms of energy.

According to Gile, the efforts an interpreter faces are mainly four.

1. Listening and Analysis Effort: concerning all “comprehension-oriented operations, from the analysis of the sound waves carrying the source-language speech which reach the interpreter’s ears through the identification of words to the final decisions about the ‘meaning’ of the utterance” (Gile, 2011). These efforts are related to understanding: the mere hearing of the sounds of words is useless if the interpreter’s brain does not convert them into a meaningful message.

2. Memory Effort: seen “more as a storage mechanism where information is temporarily kept before further processing takes place” (Gile, 1992).

3. Production Effort: in consecutive interpreting, this is further divided into two production phases, the first being the moment in which the interpreter listens to the SL speech and takes notes and the second being the TL speech delivery (Gile, 2011).

4. Coordination Effort: compared to “the air-traffic controller for the interpreting that takes place, allowing the interpreter to manage her focus of attention between the listening and analysis task and the ongoing self-monitoring that occurs during the performance” (Leeson, 2005). Once interpreters achieve this coordination point, they can perform the interpreting job in the most optimal conditions, since their skills are balanced with the task in question. This is why the Coordination Effort plays such a fundamental role: the “art of smooth interpretation is based on the art of smooth coordination. Even if sometimes these Efforts overlap, coordination finds the balance between all the factors.” (Kriston, 2012)

Consequently, an interpretation can be summarized with the following equation:

(1)I = L + M + P + C, where L stands for the listening and analysis effort, M for memory, P for production, and C for coordination.

(2) TR = LR + MR + PR + CR, where the R stands for requirements.

(3) TA > TR, where TA is the total available capacity.

(4) TA > LR + MR + PR + CR.

Subsequently, Gile proposed the following Effort Model in consecutive interpreting.

Phase I: CI = L + N + M + C (Consecutive interpreting = listening and analysis + note-taking + short-term memory + coordination);

Phase II: CI = Rem + Read + P (Consecutive interpreting = remembering + note-reading + production).

Gile divides the effort model of consecutive interpreting into two stages, first to listen to information and then to summarize and reorganize it, and each stage has different activities that take up energy. In the interpreting activity, the process of listening and analyzing the source language, recording notes, expressing output, and organizing and coordinating are all controlled processes and successful interpretation can be achieved only when all the stages are coordinated with each other.

2. Current Theoretical Research

After Gile's Effort Model was proposed, it was first widely used in simultaneous interpreting research such as Efficient Management of Translation Time - based on Gile's Effort Model (Shin & Jisun, 2008) and then extended to consecutive interpreting research such as Consecutive Interpretation: A Discourse Approach. Towards a Revision of Gile’s Effort Model (Wu & Wang, 2009), providing a new way of thinking for the majority of interpreting researchers. To ensure the reasonable distribution of interpreters' energy and improve the quality of interpretation practice, scholars at home and abroad have conducted in-depth discussions and analyses on this theory.

1. Review of Foreign Theoretical Research

In 1999, Gile published the results of experiments on the effort model in the article Testing the Effort Models' Tightrope Hypothesis in Simultaneous Interpreting - A Contribution (Gile, 1999). Gile analyzed ten groups of professional interpreters on the process of interpreting the same text. Although the use of electromagnetic waves as a measurement tool is not very precise, the results of the study confirm the applicability of the "tightrope" theory, which states that mistranslations and omissions in the interpretation process do not depend on the difficulty of the material itself, but on the ability of the interpreter to process the information. Once the processing capacity is exceeded, even small changes in information can affect the quality of interpretation. The experiment also provides some data support for the effort mode.

After him, foreign scholars such as Schjoldager have also carried out further exploration and research in his paper Efforts and models in interpreting and translation research. A tribute to Daniel Gile (Schjoldager, 2011).

2. Review of Domestic Theoretical Research

Since the effort model was developed from Western theories, the research in this area has not been conducted for a long time at home compared to foreign countries. Later, with the reform and opening up, Chinese and foreign exchanges have become closer, interpretation activities increased, and the research on the application of interpretation theories and researches has been intensified (张雅芳, 2009) (张然, 2019) (唐芳, 2020). In 2011, the first Chinese monograph on interpretation research Overview of Interpretation Theory was published, which introduced the basic methods of interpretation theory research and provided a reference for domestic interpretation research.

In addition to studying the effort model itself, scholar such as Li Xiaohong have combined other theoretical doctrines, such as Anderson's ACT theory, put forward her interpretation theories and published related articles (李小红, 2015). Other domestic scholars have dug deeper into the application of Gile's effort model in consecutive interpreting and extended it to the teaching field by analyzing the errors of students major in interpreting (崔梦苏,2022).

4. Case Analysis

In this chapter, difficulties and failures encountered in the process of interpretation will be illustrated as well as analyzed. Several successful cases of interpretation will be shared and tactics to solve the mentioned problems will be given.

1. Difficulties and Failures of Energy Distribution Encountered in Interpreting

   1. Difficulties and Failures of Energy Distribution in Listening Stage

Listening and discerning are crucial skills in the interpretation process, as they form the foundation for accurately conveying meaning from the source language to the target language. Without effective listening and discerning, an interpreter may miss important details, misunderstand the speaker's intent, or fail to grasp the nuances of cultural references or idiomatic expressions.

However, during the listening and discerning stage, the interpreter encounters various difficulties and failures that can impact the accuracy of interpretation. These include specialized vocabulary, cultural differences, complex names of people and places as well as external factors. Specialized vocabulary means that the speaker uses technical terms or industry-specific language that the interpreter is not familiar with, making it difficult to accurately convey the intended meaning. Cultural differences refer to the speaker references to cultural norms, customs, or historical events that the interpreter is not aware of, leading to misunderstandings or misinterpretations. External factors such as noise, distractions, or interruptions can also make it difficult for the interpreter to focus and accurately capture the speaker's message. The above factors can all result in inappropriate energy distribution and according to Gile’s Effort Model, failure of energy distribution in any situation or stage can trigger problems.

1. Failures Caused by Specialized Vocabulary and Culturally Loaded Words

One of the main difficulties that arise in the listening and discerning stage is the use of specialized vocabulary and culturally loaded words. In many fields, including politics, there are technical terms and jargon that are unfamiliar to the interpreter who is not well-versed in the specific field. And because the interpreter is not familiar with the specialized vocabulary and culturally loaded words, he struggled to accurately convey the meaning of the speaker's words and this resulted in failures of energy distribution. Furthermore, when the interpreter was not able to accurately interpret specialized vocabulary and culturally loaded words, he was forced to make educated guesses or use vague or general terms to convey the speaker's meaning. This can lead to a further breakdown in energy distribution, as the message may become diluted or distorted in the process of interpretation.

Example 1:

ST: Economic growth will mean that we can afford great public services such as schools, the police, and the NHS. Our fantastic Deputy Prime Minister and Health Secretary will deliver for patients so they can expect a GP appointment within two weeks.

TT:经济增长意味着我们支付得起更好的公共服务，比如学校，警察以及国家健康体系。我们的首相将会为病人提供更好的服务，让病人能在两周内约到全科医生。

Analysis: This sentence illustrates several advantages of economic growth, which contains three parallel elements including schools, police, and NHS. The former two elements are quite easy to interpret as “学校” and “警察”, but when it comes to the “NHS”, the interpreter knew that it was an important message so he wanted to interpret it accurately. The interpreter tried to analyze the abbreviation as “National Health System” and interpreted it as “国家健康系统”. However, in the process of understanding the abbreviation, the interpreter spent too much energy on it, causing a failure of energy distribution and a lack of information in the following sentence.

Therefore, the first production version was not a successful one. It can be seen that the target text was not complete and there was some missing information. The source text “fantastic Deputy Prime Minister and Health Secretary” was simply interpreted as “我们的首相” while adjectives and nouns were lost. According to Gile’s Effort Model, spending too much energy on listening and discernment can affect the quality of interpretation, because it influences the allocation of energy to other activities in the first phase. So, to get rid of this situation, the interpreter should have a better grasp of such abbreviations.

Revised Version:

 经济增长意味着我们支付得起更好的公共服务，比如学校，警察和国民健康保险制度，我们的副首相兼卫生部长也允诺会为病人提供更好的服务，让病人能在两周之内约到全科医生。

2. Failures Caused by Complex Names of People and Places

The interpretation of complex names of people and places also poses challenges for the interpreter, which can result in the interpreter either mispronouncing the names or omitting them altogether, leading to a loss of important contextual information and potentially impacting the overall meaning of the message. In the given source text, the names of the Deputy Prime Minister and Health Secretary were unfamiliar to the interpreter, because he is not closely following British politics. Thus, the interpreter struggled with correctly pronouncing these names or omitting them altogether, resulting in failures of energy distribution.

Example 2:

ST: And our Teesside mayor Ben Houchin is also delivering new jobs and investment. This is what modern conservatism looks like. Let's get Tory mayors elected in London, in Manchester, in West Yorkshire, and right across our great country.

TT:我们提赛德的市长本同样也在为大家提供新的工作和投资机会。这就是保守主义的样子。让我们在伦敦选举保守党市长，在曼彻斯特和全国范围内也是如此。

Analysis: These two sentences contain a large number of names of people and places, including the city of Teesside, the name of the mayor, Ben Houchin, and a county in the United States, West Yorkshire. All three words were not too familiar to the interpreter and appeared in two consecutive sentences at the same time, which had a great impact on the fluency, accuracy, and completeness of the interpreter's interpretation.

As a result, the first version of the interpretation was not particularly satisfactory, and the appearance of the first city name of Teesside caused the interpreter to experience a lag in understanding, resulting in the subsequent mayor's name not being fully interpreted. After spending too much energy on the first two words, the appearance of the third word, West Yorkshire, left the interpreter with no energy to handle it, resulting in a missed interpretation. Under the guidance of Gile’s Effort Model, the interpreter adjusted the allocation of energy and prepared the names of people and places in advance, and produced the second following revised version.

Revised Version:

 同时我们的提赛德市长本·霍钦也在为我们提供新的工作和投资机会。这就是现代保守主义的样子。让我们在伦敦、曼彻斯特、西约克郡和全国范围内都选举保守党市长。

In this revised version, the interpreter is better prepared for the names of people and places, so he can allocate his energy more accurately and have enough extra energy to adjust the structure of sentences and make the order of words more in line with the Chinese expression habits based on accurate interpretation. For example, in the first version, “Let's get Tory mayors elected in London, in Manchester, in West Yorkshire and right across our great country” was interpreted as “让我们在伦敦选举保守党市长，在曼彻斯特和全国范围内也是如此”. It can be seen that under the pressure of energy distribution, the interpreter had to apply syntactic linearity to finish the sentence, resulting in the missing information and unidiomatic expression. In the revised version, with fully charged energy, the interpreter can deal with the sentence structure more flexibly, improving the quality of interpretation.

2. Difficulties and Failures of Energy Distribution in Memorizing Stage

The memorizing stage is a crucial part of interpretation that involves committing the source text to memory to deliver an accurate and smooth target text. Memorizing is important because it helps interpreters to internalize the content of the source text and avoid fumbling or losing track during the delivery of the target text.

However, there are also potential difficulties and failures in the memorizing stage of interpretation. One of the main challenges is the uneven distribution of energy in memorizing, which can lead to under or over-emphasis of certain parts of the source text during the delivery of the target text. This can occur when interpreters focus on memorizing individual words or phrases rather than the meaning and context of the text as a whole. And in this interpretation, the interpreter encountered memorizing difficulty especially when the source text contains complex structures and a high density of information content, which is difficult to memorize and deliver accurately, causing inequivalent distribution of the interpreter’s energy.

Another challenge in the memorizing stage is time. As time goes by, the interpreter cannot handle his energy very well, causing a decline in interpretation performance.

1. Failures Caused by High Density of Information Content

High-density information requires very fast reaction and processing speed of interpreters and also puts a huge load on their memory. When interpreters allocate all their energy to memorizing these dense information points, it is easy for them to mishandle other parts of the sentence or result in misinterpretation and information lost.

Example 3:

ST: She will ensure that those who need urgent care will be seen on the same day. And she will get ambulances out there faster and she will improve A&E. And she will bust the COVID backlog. That's not all. That's not all. And she will bolster social care so everyone gets the care they need.

TT:她将确保病人当天接受治疗。她将加强救护车服务。她还将消除冠状病毒的积压。这还不是全部。她还将加强社会护理，确保每个人都能获得所需的护理。

Analysis: Since the type of the source text is a speech on a political topic, there are a large number of sentences applying parallelism, of which the above sentence is a typical example. In this type of parallelism, there is a lot of high-density information, including some changes that Liz Truss promised to make or measures that she is about to take. During the interpretation process, the interpreter wanted to catch all the parallel information, so he spent a lot of energy on memorizing the information at each point, but because the information was not simple either, there were proper nouns like A&E, the author appeared to miss the information, and the output quality of the interpretation was not high enough.

Revised Version:

 她将确保紧急病人当天就能获得治疗。她将加强救护车服务，并改善急诊科。她还将消除冠状病毒的积压。这还不是全部。她还将加强社会护理，确保每个人都能获其所需。

2. Failures Caused by Concentration Decline as Time Goes By

Concentration decline is one of the common failures that interpreters may encounter during the interpretation process. As time goes by, it is natural for interpreters to experience a decline in concentration due to fatigue and a lack of focus. This can lead to missed information, errors in interpretation, and a decline in the quality of the interpretation.

One of the main causes of concentration decline in this paper is the length of the interpreting session. Interpreting for an extended time was mentally exhausting and challenging to maintain focus. Additionally, the complexity and technicality of the topic being interpreted further exacerbated the decline in concentration.

Example 4:

ST: These enemies of enterprise don't know the frustration you feel to see your road blocked by protesters or your trains off due to a strike. In fact, their friends on the hard left tend to be the ones behind the disruption.

TT:这些敌人不明白你的沮丧，因为你的道路被反抗者封锁，因为你的火车延误。事实上，他们左派的那些朋友往往是混乱背后的元凶。

Analysis: This sentence is relatively difficult to interpret, and it needs adjustment in the order and the ways of expression. The author could have handled the sentence better, but as time passed and concentration declined, he had problems allocating his energy properly and failed to quickly grasp the key words and key information when understanding the original sentence. Therefore, he failed to "get the meaning while ignoring the structure", resulting in an unidiomatic and awkward interpretation with much important secondary information missing and several interpretation errors.

Revised Version:

 这些企业的敌人无法理解你们看到游行者堵塞道路又或是罢工导致你们火车停运时的沮丧感。实际上，他们那些极左派的朋友往往就是制造混乱的人。

In this revised version, the sentence sequence has been adjusted and missing information has been complemented. To combat concentration decline in the interpretation, interpreters should use various memory retention techniques to help them stay focused and retain the information being interpreted. For instance, they could take notes or use visualization techniques to help them remember complex details. Overall, by being aware of the potential for concentration decline and taking proactive steps to mitigate it, interpreters can provide higher quality and more accurate interpretation.

3. Difficulties and Failures of Energy Distribution in Note-taking Stage

   1. Failures Caused by Mistakes of Figures

Figure interpreting is an essential part of the interpretation. It involves conveying the meaning of numerical data or graphical representations from the source language to the target language. The importance of figure interpreting lies in its ability to clarify complex data and enhance the understanding of the audience.

However, the failure to provide accurate or complete information about figures can result in misinterpretation or confusion. This may occur due to the lack of familiarity with the subject matter or technical terms, leading to the omission of key information or misinterpretation of data.

Example 5:

ST: We're reversing the increase in National Insurance from next month and we're keeping corporation tax at 19%, the lowest in the G20. We're also helping 31 million working people by cutting the basic rate of income tax.

TT: 我们将会在下个月减缓国民保险费的增长，我们会将税率保持在90％的水平，这是G20国家中最低的。我们同样会帮助3000多万的工作群体，方式是缩减基本收入税。

Analysis: Figure interpreting is quite a tough part for the author because it needs abundant and constant practice before the interpreter could handle it accurately and finish it at a rapid speed at the same time. In the process of interpreting these two sentences, the author was a little bit nervous when hearing several figures occurring at one time, and he made mistakes in distinguishing between 19 and 90. Moreover, the uncertainty of the author caused hesitation and made him another mistake in interpreting the “31 million” as “3000多万” roughly. These mistakes also caused failures in energy distribution and led to unnatural interpretations in the following part of the source text.

Revised Version:

 我们将在下个月取消国民保险费的上调，并将公司税保持在19%的水平，这是G20国家中最低的。我们也正在通过削减基本所得税率来帮助3100万的工薪族。

In this revised version, the author redistributed his energy and paid more attention to the discernment of these figures, trying to catch a balance between listening and memorizing. The result turns out that when energy was distributed reasonably, fewer mistakes would be made during the figure interpreting. Besides, the author found out that if he can use the energy more wisely, he could even consider the rationality of these figures. For instance, in example 5, after simple reasoning, 90% is not a reasonable number, then the author should be able to distinguish that it is 19%, but the premise is a reasonable allocation of energy so that there is enough excess energy to analyze and reach this conclusion.

2. Failures Caused by Taking Down Too Much Detailed Information

Taking down too much detailed information can lead to failures in interpretation. While it may seem like a good idea to capture every single word and detail in the source text, it can cause the interpreter to miss the bigger picture and the main points of the speech. This can result in a fragmented and confusing interpretation that fails to convey the intended message.

Additionally, taking down too much detailed information can also cause the interpreter to fall behind and miss important points as the speaker moves on to new topics. This can lead to errors and omissions in the interpretation, and cause confusion and frustration for the listeners.

Example 6:

ST: We're opening more gas fields in the North Sea and delivering more renewables and nuclear energy. This is how we will protect the great British environment, deliver on our commitment to net zero and tackle climate change. We're also taking decisive action by strengthening our borders and beefing up our border force and expanding the Rwanda scheme. Our brilliant new Home Secretary will be bringing forward legislation to make sure that no European judge can overrule us.

TT: 我们正在北海开发更多的天然气土地，并提供更多的可再生能源和核能。这是我们保护伟大的英国环境、实现零排放和应对气候变化的方式。我们还正在采取果断行动，加强我们的边境并扩大卢旺达计划。我们出色的新内政大臣将推出立法，确保没有人可以否决我们。

Analysis: This paragraph is a frequent prose in speeches, and the speaker, Truss, uses a lot of adjectives such as “great” “more” and “brilliant” to whittle down her words to inspire the listeners. These adjectives and locations such as “North Sea” are all secondary information in the source text, while the main information and main part are those nouns and verbs including “opening gas fields” “delivering renewables and nuclear energy” “protecting environment”, etc. The author, however, in his first interpretation, focuses too much on the completeness of the notes and tries to catch all the adjectives, which results in missing the big picture and some key information lost, such as missing the interpretation of “beefing up our border force” “commitment” and “European judge”.

Revised Version:

 我们正在北海开采更多的天然气，并提供更多的可再生能源和核能。这是我们保护英国环境、实现我们的零排放承诺和应对气候变化的方式。我们还在采取行动，加强我们的边境和边境部队并扩大卢旺达计划。我们出色的新内政大臣将推出立法，确保没有欧洲法官可以否决我们。

In this revised version, to catch all the key information, the author gave up noting down all the details and omitted some unnecessary adjectives such as “great” and “decisive”. The omission of these words doesn’t affect the meaning of the original sentence, but on the contrary, more in line with the expression habit of Chinese sentences. After all, there is seldom a phrase like “伟大的英国环境” in Chinese. What’s more, in this version, the author omitted the interpretation of “fields” in the phrase “gas fields”, and simply interpreted it as “开采天然气”。This is also because of Chinese expression habits. All in all, taking too much detailed information will not help the interpreter do a better job, but may lead to failures in energy distribution in the note-taking stage. Taking down the key information and saving part of the energy to adjust the production will contribute to better performance.

4. Difficulties and Failures of Energy Distribution in Production Stage

The production stage in interpretation refers to the process of converting the interpreted message into the target language. During this stage, there are difficulties and failures in energy distribution that can affect the quality of the final production.

One common difficulty is related to the syntax and grammar of the target language. Sometimes, the structure of the target language is very different from that of the source language. This can lead to errors in the production stage, as the interpreter struggled to convey the intended meaning while adhering to the rules of the target language.

Another difficulty is related to cultural references and idiomatic expressions. These are often specific to the source language and may not have equivalent expressions in the target language. This confused the interpreter and result in inaccurate or misleading interpretations.

In the stage of production, time pressure, and stress also impacted the quality of the interpretation. The interpreter sometimes felt rushed or overwhelmed, leading to errors and omissions in the final production.

2. Successful Cases of Interpretation in the Above Four Stages

Throughout the interpretation process, the interpreter has encountered various challenges. However, with the right tactics and strategies, the interpreter has overcome some of them and achieved several successful interpretations. Additionally, the guidance of Gile's Effort Model provided the interpreter with a useful framework for understanding and managing the effort required for successful interpretation. The following several successful cases demonstrate the effectiveness of the combination of these tactics and Gile’s Effort Model.

Example 7:

ST: Now later on in my speech my friends, I'm going to talk about the Anti-Growth Coalition, but I think they arrived in the hall a bit too early. They were meant to come later on. So we'll get on to them. We'll get on to that in a few minutes

TT:稍后我会谈到反增长联盟，但我觉得现在谈论这个有点过早了。他们应该晚点出现。我们过一会儿再谈到他们。

Analysis: In the source text, the speaker used a lighter and more humorous approach to anthropomorphize the "Anti-growth Coalition", but if the interpreter interprets “arrived the hall a bit too early” directly as “来到这个会场太早了”, it will bring confusion to the target audience, so under the guidance of Gile’s Effort Model, the interpreter divided his energy more on dealing with conveying the meaning instead of the words, interpreted the sentence as “谈论这个有点过早了”, which could deliver the original meaning to the target audience correctly.

Example 8:

ST: The Federal Reserve has been hiking rates in America and has signaled more rises to come. Inflation is high across the world's major economies.

TT:美联储在持续提高美国的利率，并释放出将进一步上调的讯息。全球主要经济体的通货膨胀率也高居不下。

Analysis: In the interpretation of these two sentences, there are mainly two difficulties and they are “Federal Reserve” and “hiking rates”. But the interpreter has done a good job. The reason lies in the appropriate energy distribution, specific tactics, and pre-interpretation preparation. The phrase “Federal Reserve” is a proper noun that refers to the central banking authority of the United States. In the process of preparing the glossary, the author has caught the meaning of the phrase and achieved accurate interpretation in no time. When it comes to the other phrase “hiking rates”, the interpreter didn’t get the meaning of the word “hiking” when hearing it, but after logical prediction and listening to the context, the interpreter found that there are similar verbs and adjectives like “rise” and “high”, and he eventually made it to divide his energy properly and interpret “hiking rates” as “提高利率”.

Example 9:

ST: That's why we will back business to the hilt. We're cutting taxes and we're simplifying red tape to help businesses realize their ambitions. And this is what our new investment zones will do, helping us level up across the country.

TT:这就是为什么我们会全力支持企业。我们正在削减税收并简化繁文缛节，帮助企业实现雄心壮志。这也是我们的新投资区将实现的，帮助我们在全国范围内实现升级。

Analysis: In this part of the speech, the speaker used a general-division structure. Although the author didn’t catch the meaning of the phrase "back to the hilt" at first, he found that the first sentence was a summary of the next two measures through rational analysis and reasonable allocation of energy. At the same time, using the strategy of applying on-spot information, the author noticed that the speaker's tone was relatively high and emotional, and the audience's feedback was relatively enthusiastic, so he could infer that this part of the speaker's speech should be positive. Finally, he achieved faithful interpretation.

3. Analysis of the Difficulties and Failures

Language barriers: One of the main difficulties in interpretation is the language barrier between the source and target languages. This can result in misunderstandings, inaccuracies, and omissions in the interpretation process. Translators and interpreters need to have a deep understanding of both languages, including grammar, syntax, idioms, and cultural nuances.

Technical terminology: Interpretation often involves technical terminology, which can be challenging for interpreters to understand and convey accurately. This is especially true in fields such as science, medicine, engineering, and law. Technical terms often have specific meanings and connotations that may not be immediately obvious to an interpreter, and the incorrect translation or interpretation of such terms can have serious consequences.

Memory overload: Interpreters need to be able to process and memorize a lot of information quickly, which can be overwhelming and lead to memory overload. This is especially true in simultaneous interpretation, where interpreters need to listen, process, translate, and speak at the same time. Memory overload can result in omissions, inaccuracies, and delays in the interpretation process.

Cultural differences: Interpretation often involves navigating cultural differences between the source and target languages. This can include differences in communication styles, social norms, and values. For example, a phrase that is considered polite in one culture may be considered rude or inappropriate in another. Interpreters need to be sensitive to these cultural differences and be able to convey the intended meaning in a way that is appropriate for the target audience.

Limited context: Interpreters may have limited context or background information about the source text, which can make it difficult to convey the intended meaning accurately. This can be especially true in situations where the source text is vague or ambiguous, or where there is a lack of supporting materials or context. Interpreters need to be skilled at identifying and addressing these gaps in context to ensure accurate interpretation.

4. Tactics in Interpretation under the Guidance of Gile’s Effort Model

   1. Tactics to Solve the Problem of Pronunciation and Speech Speed

When faced with the problem of fast speech or difficult pronunciation during interpretation, there are several tactics that the interpreter used to handle it. Firstly, listening for keywords. When listening to a speech, the interpreter focused on catching key words that are critical to the overall message of the speaker. These keywords can help him stay on track and better understand the overall message. Secondly, listening for context. The interpreter also focused on the context surrounding the words being spoken. By understanding the context, he can better understand the meaning of the words being spoken, even if he is not familiar with the exact pronunciation. Thirdly, building a mental map of the speech. The interpreter also created a mental map of the speech as it is being given. This map can help him organize and connect the different pieces of information, making it easier to understand and interpret the overall message. Last but not least is anticipating what is coming next. By paying close attention to the speaker's tone and pace, the interpreter can often anticipate what is coming next in the speech. This can help him stay ahead of the speaker and better prepare for upcoming words and phrases.

2. Tactics to Solve the Problem of Cultural Context in Source Text

To solve the problem of the cultural context in the source text during interpretation, the interpreter used the tactics of applying on-spot information and background information. Using on-spot context means during the interpretation, the interpreter relied on the on-spot context, such as tone of voice, and the reaction of the audience to help him understand the cultural references in the speech. Using background information means the interpreter also used his background knowledge as well as pre-interpretation preparation and personal experiences to help understand the cultural references in the speech.

3. Tactics to Solve the Problem of Loose Structure in Target Text

When dealing with loose structure in the target text, there are a few tactics that can help ensure accurate interpretation. One tactic is to listen for and catch the obvious information, such as the main topic or purpose of the speech. This can help in creating a framework for the rest of the interpretation. Another tactic is to pay close attention to connection words, such as "however," "therefore," and "meanwhile," which can indicate changes in topic or shifts in logic. These words can help in identifying the overall structure of the target text and ensuring that the interpretation accurately reflects the original intent. When necessary, the interpreter also used addition to add some connection words in the target text to make the production smoother and more natural.

5. Conclusion

   1. Major Findings and Limitations

Based on the application of Gile's Effort Model in the interpretation practice, several findings have been obtained. First, the importance of preparation and planning cannot be underestimated in ensuring the quality of interpretation. The effort model emphasizes the importance of preparation, which includes developing a glossary and conducting background research on the topic to be interpreted. Second, effective energy distribution is essential for the interpreter to maintain concentration and prevent fatigue while the mode can guide interpreters in the distribution of energy, helping them avoid these situations as much as possible. Third, the use of appropriate tactics in each stage can significantly improve the interpreter's performance and reduce the occurrence of failures. The model give interpreters awareness of paying attention to the usage of such strategies, thereby improving the quality of the final interpretation.

However, there are still limitations in this interpretation practice. While this report offers some up-to-date political information for other interpreters, which can be beneficial for their professional development, it is still a simulated interpretation and lack of actual audience feedback. Therefore, further research is necessary to explore the effectiveness of Gile's Effort Model in real-life interpreting scenarios and to collect more comprehensive data.

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Acknowledgments

Completing an essay is not an easy task, and I would like to express my deepest gratitude to several individuals who have supported me throughout the completion of this paper. First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor for providing invaluable guidance, support, and encouragement during the writing process.

I would also like to thank the participants who helped me with the simulated E-C consecutive interpreting exercise, without whom this report would not be possible. Their willingness to offer their time and expertise was crucial to the success of this project.

I am also grateful to the authors and scholars of Gile’s Effort Model for their contribution to the field of interpreting, which provided a valuable framework for the analysis of the interpreting process.

Then I would like to acknowledge my family and friends for their unwavering support and encouragement throughout my academic journey.

Lastly, I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to myself for my dedication and hard work during my four-year college life. Without perseverance and commitment, this paper would not have been possible. I am grateful for the opportunity to choose interpretation as my major as well as challenge and push myself as an interpreter, I am proud to be a student of ZYU.

Appendices

Appendix A

The Source Text(3616words)

My friends. It's great to be with you here in Birmingham. It's fantastic to see the cranes across the Skyline building new buildings. The busy trams coursing down the streets and the bull standing proudly at the heart of Birmingham. My friends, this is what a city with a Tory mayor looks like. (Applause.) It's positive, it's enterprising, it's successful and Andy Street is a human Dynamo delivering for the people of Birmingham. (Applause.) And our tee-side mayor Ben Houchin is also delivering new jobs and investment. This is what modern conservatism looks like. Let's get Tory mayors elected in London, in Manchester, in West Yorkshire and right across our great country. (Applause.)

We gather at a vital time for the United Kingdom. These are stormy days. Together we've mourned the deaths of Queen Elizabeth the second, the rock on which modern Britain was built. We're now in a new era under King Charles the third. We're dealing with the global economic crisis caused by COVID and by Putin's appalling war in Ukraine. In these tough times, we need to step up. I'm determined to get Britain moving to get us through The Tempest and to put us on a stronger footing as a nation. I'm driven in this mission by my firm belief in the British people. I believe that you know best how to spend your own money to get on in life and to realise your ambitions. (Applause.)

My friends, that is what conservatism is about. It's a belief in freedom, in fair play and the great potential of the British people. So I'm not gonna tell you what to do or what to think or how to live your life. I'm not interested in how many two-for-one offers you buy at the supermarket, or how you spend your spare time or in virtue signaling. I'm not interested in just talking about things, but actually in doing things. What I'm interested in is your hopes and fears that you feel every day.

Can you get a good job locally? Is it safe to walk down the high street late at night? Can you get a doctor's appointment? I know how you feel because I have the same hopes and fears. I want what you want. I've fought to get where I am today. I fought to get jobs, to get pay rises and get on the housing ladder. I've juggled my career with raising two wonderful daughters. I know how it feels to have your potential dismissed by those who think they know better.

I remember as a young girl being presented on a plane with a junior air Hostess badge. Meanwhile, my brothers were given junior pilot badges. (Laughter. & Applause.) It wasn't the only time in my life that I've been treated differently for being female or for not fitting in. It made me angry and it made me determined, determined to change things so other people didn't feel the same way. (Applause.)

I remember growing up in Leeds where I saw too many children being let down, let down by low expectations, let down by a Labour Council who were more interested in political correctness than they were in school standards. But I was lucky to have been brought up in a family that cared about education. They taught me the value of hard work and enterprise. And I stand here today as the first Prime Minister of our country to have gone to a comprehensive school. (Applause.)

That taught me two things. One is that we have huge talent across our country, and two, that we're not making enough of it. This is a great country. I'm so proud of who we are and what we stand for. But I know that we can do better, and I know that we must do better. And that's why I entered politics. I want to live in a country where hard work is rewarded, where women can walk home safely at night and where our children have a better future. To deliver this, we need to get Britain moving.

We cannot have any more drift and delay at this vital time. Let's remember where we were when I entered Downing Street. Average energy bills were predicted to soar above £6000 a year. We face the highest tax burden that our country had had for 70 years. And we were told that we could do nothing about it. I didn't accept that things had to be that way. I knew that in action would be unconscionable. Families would have been unable to heat their homes, businesses would have gone bust. Jobs would have been lost. And we would have worse public services, including the NHS. I couldn't allow this to happen. I refused to consign our great country to decline. (Applause.) And that's why I promised, on entering downing street to act. (Yell.) Let's get them removed. (Applause. & Yell.)

Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. (Applause.) Now later on in my speech my friends, I'm going to talk about the Anti-Growth Coalition, but I think they arrived in the hall a bit too early. (Laughter.) They were meant to come later on. So we'll get on to them. We'll get on to that in a few minutes. But what we did is we acted. We made sure that the typical household energy bill shouldn't be more than around £2500 a year this winter and next. We followed up with a major action to support businesses over the winter. We're determined to shield people from astronomically high bills, so much so that we are doing more in this country to protect people from the energy crisis than any other country in Europe. (Applause.)

Our response to the energy crisis was the biggest part of our mini-budget. It was the biggest part for a good reason because we had to do it. But it's not the only challenge we face. For too long, our economy hasn't grown as strongly as it should have done. I know what it's like to live somewhere that isn't feeling the benefits of economic growth. I grew up in Paisley and in Leeds in the 80s and 90s. I've seen the boarded-up shops. I've seen people left with no hope turning to drugs, and I've seen families struggling to put food on the table. Low growth isn't just numbers on a spreadsheet. Low growth means lower wages, fewer opportunities, and less money to spend on the things that make life better. It means our country falling behind other countries, including those who threaten our way of life. And it means the parts of our country that I really care about falling even further behind. That is why we must level up our country in a conservative way, ensuring everywhere everyone can get on. (Applause.)

The conference, it's wrong to invest only in the places that are thriving, as economic models often have it. We need to fund the furthest behind first. And for too long, the political debate has been dominated by the argument about how we distribute a limited economic pie. Instead, we need to grow the pie so that everyone gets a bigger slice. (Applause.) That is why I'm determined to take a new approach and break us out of this high tax, low growth cycle. And that's what our plan is about. It's about getting the economy growing and rebuilding Britain through reform. The scale of this challenge is immense. War in Europe for the first time in a generation, a more uncertain world in the aftermath of COVID and a global economic crisis. That is why in Britain we need to do things differently. We need to step up.

As the last few weeks have shown, it will be difficult. Whenever there's change there is disruption and not everybody will be in favour of the change, but everyone will benefit from the results - (applause) - a growing economy and a better future. (Applause.) That is what we have a clear plan to deliver. I have 3 priorities for our economy. Growth, growth - (laughter) - and growth. (Applause.) Growth means more money in people's pockets. It means businesses creating new jobs. Growth means people can feel secure and they can plan for their future. Fundamentally, growth helps people fulfill their hopes and their dreams. And that's why our dynamic new Chancellor and I will be taking action in three areas.

First of all, we will lower - (applause) - our tax burden. Over the summer we had a robust debate and the Conservative Party will always be the party of low taxes. (Applause.) Cutting taxes is the right thing to do, morally and economically. Morally, because the state doesn't spend its own money, it spends the people's money. Economically, because if people keep more of their own money, they're inspired to do more of what they do best. That's what grows the economy. When the government plays too big role, people feel smaller. High taxes mean you feel it's less worthwhile working that extra hour, going for a better job, or setting up your own business. That's, my friends, is why we are cutting taxes. (Applause.)

We've already cut stamp duty, helping people on the housing ladder, especially first-time buyers. We're reversing the increase in National Insurance from next month and we're keeping corporation tax at 19%, the lowest in the G20. We're also helping 31 million working people by cutting the basic rate of income tax. (Applause.) We need to be internationally competitive with all our tax rates attracting the best talents. Cutting taxes helps us face the global economic crisis, putting up a sign that Britain is open for business. (Applause.) The fact is that the abolition of the 45P tax rate became a distraction from the major parts of our growth plan. That is why we're no longer proceeding with it. I get it, and I have listened. (Applause.)

Secondly, we will keep an iron grip on the nation's finances. I believe in fiscal responsibility. I believe in getting value for the taxpayer. I believe in sound money and a lean state. I remember my shock opening my first paycheck to see how much money the tax man - (laughter) - had taken out. I know this feeling is replicated across the country. (Applause.) And that's why we must always be careful with taxpayers’ money. It's why this government will always be fiscally responsible. We are in extraordinary times. It would have been wrong not to have proceeded rapidly with our energy and tax plan. I am clear we cannot pave the way to sustainable economic growth without fiscal responsibility, so we will bring down debt as a proportion of our national income. (Applause.)

We are seeing rising interest rates worldwide in the wake of Putin's war and COVID. The Federal Reserve has been hiking rates in America and has signaled more rises to come. Inflation is high across the world's major economies. We will do what we can as a government to support homeowners, such as cutting stamp duty. But it's right that interest rates are independently set by the Bank of England and that politicians do not decide on this. The chancellor and the governor will keep closely coordinating our monetary and fiscal policy, and the chancellor and I are in complete lockstep on this. (Applause.)

Thirdly, we will drive economic reforms to build our country for a new era. We're taking a new approach based on what's worked before. Previously, we face barriers to growth like militant unions, nationalized industries and outdated city regulations. Now we must break down the barriers to growth built up in our system over decades. Decisions take too long. Burdens on businesses are too high. Infrastructure projects get delayed for years and years and years. As a result, we've seen economic growth choked off, houses haven't been built where they are needed and wanted, and we've become averse as a nation to doing things differently. I love business. I love enterprise. I love people who take responsibility, start their own businesses and invest. (Applause.)

They generate profits, they create new jobs and they power our success and I want to see more of that. That's why we will back business to the hilt. We're cutting taxes and we're simplifying red tape to help businesses realize their ambitions. And this is what our new investment zones will do, helping us level up across the country. We're going to be inspired by the great hubs of industry like Bourneville here in the West Midlands, and that's what zones in places like here and around the country will deliver. We want to create zones in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Now is the time to harness the power of free enterprise to transform our country and ensure that our greatest days lie ahead. (Applause.)

This is the United Kingdom at its best, working together and getting our economy growing, and we will face down the separatists who threaten to pull our part, our precious union, our family. (Applause.) Next year we will host the Global Investment Summit. This will show the world's top investors there's nowhere better to invest than the UK. And we're seizing the newfound freedoms outside the European Union. We're the party who got Brexit done, and we will realize on the promise of Brexit. (Applause.) We're building an economy which makes the most of the huge opportunities Brexit offers. By the end of the year, all EU red tape will be consigned to history. (Applause.)

Instead, we will ensure that regulation is pro-business and pro-growth. Leaving the EU gives us the chance to do things differently and we need more of that. That's why over the coming weeks my team of ministers will set out more about what we're going to do to get Britain moving. We'll make it easier to build homes, to afford childcare and to get super fast. Broadband will help you set up your own business and get a mobile phone signal wherever you are in the country. (Applause.)

We are in tough times, but I want you to know that day in, day out, I'm thinking about how we get this country moving. I'm working flat out to make sure people can get through this crisis. So let me be clear. We have your back. That is why the government took decisive action to tackle the energy crisis. It's why we're pushing ahead with our plan for growth. Economic growth makes life better and easier for everyone, and it will level up our country. I know this is what people want to see. Economic growth will mean that we can afford great public services such as schools, the police and the NHS. Our fantastic Deputy Prime Minister and Health Secretary will deliver for patients so they can expect a GP appointment within two weeks. (Applause.) She will ensure that those who need urgent care will be seen on the same day. (Applause.) And she will get ambulances out there faster and she will improve A&E. (Applause.) And she will bust the COVID backlog. (Applause.) That's not all. That's not all. And she will bolster social care so everyone gets the care they need. (Applause.)

We are working to put this country on the path to long-term success. That means ensuring we are safe and secure. One of the reasons we're facing this global crisis is because, collectively, the West did not do enough. We became complacent. We didn't spend enough on defense. We became too dependent on authoritarian regimes for cheap goods and cheap energy. And we did not stand up to Russia early enough. We will make sure this never happens again. (Applause.)

So we are taking decisive action to reinforce our energy security. We're opening more gas fields in the North Sea and delivering more renewables and nuclear energy. This is how we will protect the great British environment, deliver on our commitment to net zero and tackle climate change. (Applause.) We're also taking decisive action by strengthening our borders and beefing up our border force and expanding the Rwanda scheme. Our brilliant new Home Secretary will be bringing forward legislation to make sure that no European judge can overrule us. (Applause.) And while she is acting, meanwhile, the Labour Party has absolutely no plan to tackle illegal immigration. (Applause.)

But, my friends, we cannot have security at home without security abroad. That's why our tough foreign and defense secretaries are updating the integrated review to make sure we can face down these threats. It's why we're increasing defense spending to 3% of GDP by the end of the decade. (Applause.) This will ensure that our armed forces are ready to tackle new and emerging threats. We're working with our friends and allies to support Ukraine in the face of Putin’s brutal war, the brave Ukrainian people. (Applause.) The brave Ukrainian people aren't just fighting for their security, but for all our security. This is a fight for freedom and democracy around the world. Putin's illegal annexation of Ukrainian territory is just the latest act in his campaign to subvert democracy and violate international law. We should not give in to those who want a deal which trades the way Ukrainian land. They are proposing to pay in Ukrainian lives for the illusion of peace. We will stand with our Ukrainian friends however long it takes. Ukraine can win, Ukraine must win and Ukraine will win. (Applause.)

I know that President Zelensky and the people of Ukraine will welcome our solidarity with them at this very, very difficult time. To take on Russia and other authoritarian regimes, free democracies need strong economies. Economic growth makes us strong at home and strong abroad and we need an economically sound and secure United Kingdom, and that will mean challenging those who try to stop growth. I will not allow the Anti-Growth Coalition to hold us back. (Applause.) Labour, the Lib Dems, the SNP, the militant unions, the vested interests dressed up as think tanks, the talking heads, the Brexit deniers, Extinction Rebellion and some of the people we had in the hall earlier. (Applause.) They prefer protesting to do it. They prefer talking on Twitter to taking tough decisions. They taxi from north London townhouses to the BBC studio to dismiss anyone challenging the status quo. From broadcast to podcast, they peddle the same old answers. It's always more taxes, more regulation, and more meddling. Wrong, wrong, wrong. (Applause.)

We see we see the Anti-Growth Coalition at work across our country. Keir Starmer wants to put extra taxes on the companies we need to invest in our energy security and his sticking plaster solution will only last six months. He has no long-term plan and no vision for Britain. (Applause.) Mark Drakeford in Wales is canceling road-building projects and refusing to build the M4 Relief Rd. Nicola Sturgeon won't build new nuclear power stations to solve the energy crisis in Scotland. Have these people ever seen a tax rise they don't like - (laughter & applause) - or an industry they don't want to control? They don't understand the British people, they don't understand aspiration, they are prepared to leave our towns and cities facing decline. (Applause.)

My friends, does the Anti-Growth Coalition have any idea who pays their wages? (Applause.) It's the people who make things in factories across our country. It's the people who get up at the crack of dawn to go to work. It's the commuters who get trains into towns and cities across our country. I'm thinking of the white van drivers, the hairdressers, the plumbers, the accountants, the IT workers and millions of others up and down the UK. (Applause.) The Anti-Growth Coalition just doesn't get it. It's because they don't face the same challenges as normal working people. These enemies of enterprise don't know the frustration you feel to see your road blocked by protesters or your trains off due to a strike. In fact, their friends on the hard left tend to be the ones behind the disruption.

The Anti-Growth Coalition thinks that people who stick themselves to trains, roads and buildings are heroes. I say the real heroes are the people who go out to work, take responsibility - (applause) - and aspire to a better life for themselves and their families. And I am on their side. (Applause.) We will build roads, rail, energy and broadband quicker. We will be proudly pro-growth, pro aspiration and pro-enterprise. That is how we will forge ahead on our long-term path to national success.

In this new era, we're taking a new approach, my friends. We're focused on boosting growth and opportunity across our country. This mission will be difficult. But it is necessary. We have no alternative if we want to get our economy moving again. I'm ready to make the hard choices. You can trust me to do what it takes. The status quo is not an option. That is why we can't give in to the voices of decline. We can't give in to those who say Britain can't go faster. We can't give in to those who say we can't do better. We must stay the course. We are the only party with a clear plan to get Britain moving. We are the only party with the determination to deliver. Together we can unleash the full potential of our great country. That is how we will build a New Britain for a new era. (Applause.)

Appendices

Appendix B

The Target Text

非常高兴能和大家相聚在伯明翰。看到天际线上的起重机建造新的建筑物、繁忙的电车穿行在街道上，还有公牛昂首挺立在伯明翰的中心，这种感觉真是太棒了。朋友们，这就是有保守党市长的城市的样子，这是一座积极、有企业家精神、成功的城市。安迪·斯特里特为伯明翰人民服务，他是如此的活力四射。我们在为人们提供新工作和投资方面都给予了帮助，同时我们的提迪赛德市长本·霍钦也在为我们提供新的工作和投资机会。这就是现代保守主义的样子。让我们在伦敦、曼彻斯特、西约克郡和全国范围内都选举保守党市长。

我们相聚在英国的一个重要时刻。最近日子动荡，我们悼念伊丽莎白二世女王去世，而她是现代英国的基石。现在我们进入了查尔斯三世时期，我们正在应对新冠疫情引起的全球经济危机，面对普京在乌克兰的可怕战争。在这些艰难的时刻，我们需要振奋起来。我决心让英国走出“风暴”，使我们成为一个更强大的国家。我的动力来源于我坚定的信念，那就是我相信英国人民最清楚如何花自己的钱，如何实现自己的抱负。

我的朋友们，这就是保守主义。它信奉自由、公平竞争以及英国人民伟大的潜力。所以我不会告诉你们该做什么、该怎么想、该如何生活。我不关心你在超市购买了多少份“买一送一”的优惠商品，或者你如何度过闲暇时间，也不关心你如何虚伪地显摆自己的立场。我对于光说不练的空话不感兴趣，我只关心你们每天感受到的希望和担忧。

你是否能在当地找到一份好工作？你晚上行走在市中心的大街上是否安全？你是否能约到医生看病？我明白你的感受，因为我也有同样的希望和担忧。我想要的正是你们想要的。我为自己的成就奋斗过，争取过工作机会、加薪以及拥有自己的房子。我曾经在职业和抚养两个女儿之间左右为难。我知道被认为不如他人的感受是怎样的。

我记得小时候在飞机上被授予初级空姐徽章。而我的兄弟们则被授予初级飞行员徽章。（笑声和掌声。）这不是我人生中唯一一次因为女性身份而受到不同待遇。这让我感到愤怒，也让我下定决心要改变事情，让其他人不再有同样的感受。（掌声。）

我记得在利兹长大的时候，我看到太多的孩子被失望所击倒，被过低的期望所拖累，被一个更关心政治正确而不是学校标准的工党市议会所辜负。但我很幸运能够在一个注重教育的家庭中成长。他们教会了我勤奋工作和创业的价值观。今天我站在这里，成为我国第一位接受过综合中学教育的首相。（掌声。）

这让我学到了两件事。一是我们的国家有巨大的才能，二是我们没有充分利用它。这是一个伟大的国家。我为我们是谁和我们所代表的价值感到自豪。但我知道我们可以做得更好，也知道我们必须做得更好。这就是我进入政坛的原因。我想生活在一个勤奋工作有回报的国家，在那里女性晚上走回家不会有危险，我们的孩子有更美好的未来。为了实现这一点，我们需要让英国动起来。

在这个至关重要的时刻，我们不能再有任何的拖延和犹豫。让我们记住当我进入唐宁街时的情况。平均能源账单预计会飙升到每年超过6000英镑，我们面临着70年来最高的税负，而我们被告知无能为力。我不能接受事情只能这样了的说法。我知道坐以待毙更不可取。如果这样，家庭将无法供暖，企业将破产，就业岗位将减少，公共服务，包括国民保健服务将变得更糟。我不能让这种情况发生。我拒绝将我们伟大的国家扔进退步的深渊。（掌声。）这就是为什么我在进入唐宁街时承诺一定会采取行动。（喊声。）让我们行动起来，改善这些情况。（掌声和喊声。）

谢谢大家，谢谢。稍后我会谈到反增长联盟，但我觉得现在谈论这个有点过早了。（笑声）他们应该晚点出现。我们过一会儿再谈到他们。但我们采取了行动。我们确保这个冬天和明年，普通家庭的能源账单不会超过大约2500英镑。我们随后又支持企业平安地度过这个冬季。我们决心保护人们免受天价账单的毒害，我们在这个国家为保护人民免受能源危机的影响所做的事情比欧洲其他任何国家都多。（掌声）

对能源危机的应对是我们的小预算中最大的一部分。有很充分的理由证明我们必须这样做。但这并不是我们面临的唯一挑战。长期以来，我们的经济增长不够强劲。我知道生活在一个没有感受到经济增长的地方是什么感觉。我在80年代和90年代在佩斯利和利兹长大。我看到过关闭的商店，我看到人们失去希望转向毒品，我看到家庭为了生计而苦苦挣扎。低增长不仅仅是电子表格上的数字，低增长意味着低工资、更少的机会和更少的金钱用于改善生活。这意味着我们的国家落后于其他国家，包括那些威胁我们生活方式的国家。这让我非常关心那些落后的地区，这也是为什么我们必须以保守党的方式平衡我们的国家，确保每个地方的每个人都能够取得成功。（掌声）

仅仅投资于繁荣地区是错误的，但这是经济模型常常采取的方式，我们需要先资助最落后的地区。关于如何分配有限的经济蛋糕的政治辩论已经主导了太久。相反，我们需要扩大这个蛋糕，让每个人都能得到更大的一份（掌声）。这就是为什么我下定决心采取新的方式，打破高税收、低增长的循环。这就是我们计划的目的：通过改革使经济增长，重建英国。这个挑战是巨大的。一代人的欧洲战争，新冠疫情后更加不确定的世界，全球经济危机。这些因素就是为什么在英国我们需要采取不同的方式，我们需要提高自己的水平的原因。

正如过去几周表明的，做到这些很困难。每当有改变时，都会产生不满，不是每个人都会赞成改变，但每个人都会从结果中受益（掌声），那就是增长的经济和一个更美好的未来（掌声）。这就是我们明确的计划要实现的。我对我们的经济有三个最高的要求。增长，增长（笑声），还有增长（掌声）。增长意味着人们口袋里有更多的钱。它意味着企业创造新的就业机会。增长意味着人们可以感到安全，可以计划他们的未来。从根本上讲，增长有助于人们实现他们的希望和梦想。这就是为什么我们充满活力的新财政大臣和我将在以下三个方面采取行动。

首先，我们将降低我们的税负。(掌声)在夏季，我们进行了激烈的辩论，而保守党将永远是低税收的政党。(掌声)不管是从道义还是从经济角度来看，减税都是正确的事情。道义上，因为国家花费的不是自己的钱，而是花费人民的钱。经济上，如果人们保留更多自己的钱，他们会激励去做他们最擅长的事情，这是促进经济增长的方式。当政府扮演过大的角色时，人们会感到自己变得渺小。高税收意味着你觉得值得工作多一个小时、争取更好的工作或创办自己的企业的意愿降低了。我的朋友们，这就是为什么我们要减税的原因。(掌声)

我们已经削减了印花税，帮助了购房者，特别是首次购房者。我们将在下个月取消国民保险费的上调，并将公司税保持在19%的水平，这是G20国家中最低的。我们还将削减基本所得税率来帮助3100万数量的工薪族。(掌声)我们需要在所有税率方面具有国际竞争力，以吸引最优秀的人才。减税帮助我们应对全球经济危机，向世界宣告英国敞开大门。(掌声)事实上，废除45%的税率已经成为我们增长计划中的一个关键之处。这就是为什么我们不再推行这项政策。我明白了，并且我在倾听人民的意见。(掌声)

第二，我们将对国家财政保持铁腕控制。我相信财政责任。我相信为纳税人获取物有所值。我相信货币政策应该健全，政府应该高效精简。我还记得第一次看到自己的工资单时被税务人员扣走了多少钱，感到震惊。我知道这种感觉在全国各地都有。因此，我们必须时刻谨慎处理纳税人的钱财。这就是为什么我们的政府将始终保持财政责任的原因。我们处于非同寻常的时期。如果我们不迅速实施我们的能源和税收计划，那将会造成不可挽回的错误。如果我们不保持财政责任，我们就无法铺平可持续经济增长的道路，所以我们将降低国债占国民收入的比例。（掌声）

随着普京发起的战争和新冠疫情的影响，全球利率正在上升。美联储一直在提高美国的利率，并暗示将进一步上调。全球主要经济体的通货膨胀率都很高。我们将尽我们所能为房主提供支持，例如削减印花税。但是，由英格兰银行独立设置利率是正确的决定，而政治家们不应该决定这一点。财政大臣和行长将密切协调我们的货币和财政政策，财政大臣和我在这方面完全保持一致。（掌声）

第三，我们将推动经济改革，为新时代建设我们的国家。我们正在采取一种基于以前成功经验的新方法。以前，我们面临的增长障碍包括激进工会、国有产业和过时的城市管理规定。现在，我们必须打破我们系统中积累了几十年的增长障碍。决策时间太长了。对企业的负担太重了。基础设施项目被推迟了多年。结果，我们看到了经济增长被扼杀，住房没有在需要和想要的地方建造，我们成为了一个对不同做法抵触的国家。我喜欢企业。我喜欢企业家精神。我喜欢那些承担责任、开创自己的企业并进行投资的人。（掌声）

他们创造利润，创造新的就业机会，推动我们的成功，我想看到更多这样的人。这就是为什么我们会全力支持企业。我们正在削减税收并简化繁文缛节，以帮助企业实现其雄心壮志。这就是我们的新投资区所能做到的，帮助我们在全国范围内实现升级。我们将以伯恩维尔等伟大的工业中心为灵感，建立类似于这里和全国各地的投资区。我们希望在英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰建立这些区域。现在是利用自由企业力量改变我们的国家并确保我们的辉煌日子在前方的时刻。（掌声）

这就是英国最好的时刻，我们共同努力，促进经济增长，我们将抵制那些威胁我们的联盟和分离主义者。（掌声）明年，我们将举办全球投资峰会。这将向全球顶级投资者展现，让他们明白英国是最好的投资地。我们正在抓住脱离欧盟带来的新自由。我们是完成脱欧的政党，我们将兑现脱欧的承诺。（掌声）我们正在建设一个充分利用脱欧所带来的巨大机遇的经济体。到年底，所有欧盟的繁文缛节都将成为历史。（掌声）

相反，我们将确保监管有利于商业和增长。离开欧盟给了我们机会去做不同的事情，我们需要更多这样的机会。因此，在未来几周内，我的部长团队将详细说明我们将如何推动英国前进。我们将简化建房程序，降低托儿费用，提供超快速宽带，帮助你创业，并让你在全国各地都能获得手机信号。（掌声）

我们正在经历艰难的时刻，但我希望你们知道，我一天到晚都在思考如何推动这个国家前进。我正在全力以赴确保人们能够度过这个危机。因此，我们支持你们。这就是政府采取果断行动应对能源危机的原因。这就是为什么我们将推进增长计划。经济增长可以让每个人的生活变得更好、更容易，它将促进我们国家的升级。我知道这就是人们想要看到的。经济增长将意味着我们可以支付更好的公共服务，如学校、警察和国民保健服务。我们出色的副首相和卫生大臣将为患者提供服务，让他们能够在两周内获得医生预约。（掌声）她将确保那些需要紧急治疗的人当天就能得到治疗。（掌声）她将加强救护车服务，并改善急诊科。（掌声）她还将消除冠状病毒的积压。（掌声）这还不是全部。她还将加强社会护理，确保每个人都能获得所需的护理。（掌声）

我们正在努力将这个国家置于长期成功的道路上。这意味着要确保我们安全稳定。我们面临全球危机的原因之一是因为，西方国家没有做应做的事情。我们变得自满，我们没有在防卫上支出足够的资金，我们变得过于依赖专制政权提供的廉价商品和廉价能源。我们没有及早对抗俄罗斯。我们将确保这种情况再也不会发生。(掌声)

因此，我们正在采取果断行动加强我们的能源安全。我们正在北海开采更多的天然气田，并提供更多的可再生能源和核能。这是我们保护英国环境、实现我们的零排放承诺和应对气候变化的方式。(掌声) 我们还正在采取果断行动，加强我们的边境和边境部队并扩大卢旺达计划。我们出色的新内政大臣将推出立法，确保没有欧洲法官可以否决我们。(掌声) 在她行动的同时，工党绝对没有解决非法移民问题的计划。(掌声)

但是，我的朋友们，如果没有国外的安全，我们就无法获得国内的安全。这就是为什么我们的强硬的外交和国防大臣正在更新综合审查，以确保我们能够应对这些威胁的原因。这就是为什么我们将在本十年末将国防支出增加到GDP的3％。（掌声）这将确保我们的军队已准备好应对新的和出现的威胁。我们正在与我们的朋友和盟友合作，支持乌克兰在普京发起的残酷战争中勇敢的乌克兰人民。（掌声）勇敢的乌克兰人民不仅为他们的安全而战，而且为我们所有人的安全而战。这是全世界自由和民主的斗争。普京非法吞并乌克兰领土只是他违反民主和国际法的行动中最新的一次。我们不应该向那些想要用乌克兰的土地来交换和平的人妥协。也不应该向他们提议用乌克兰人的生命来换取和平的幻想妥协。我们将与我们的乌克兰朋友站在一起，无论需要多长时间。乌克兰可以赢，乌克兰必须赢，乌克兰将赢得胜利。（掌声）

我知道泽连斯基总统和乌克兰人民将非常高兴得知我们在这个艰难的时刻与他们团结一致。而要应对俄罗斯和其他威权政权，自由民主国家需要强大的经济。经济增长使我们在国内和国外变得强大，我们需要一个经济上健全和安全的联合王国，这将意味着挑战那些试图阻止增长的人。我不会让反增长联盟阻碍我们的前进。 （掌声。）还有工党、自由民主党、苏格兰民族党、激进的工会、伪装成智囊团的既得利益、谈话者、反对“脱欧”的人、灭绝叛变运动和我们早些时候在大厅里谈过的一些人。 （掌声。）他们更喜欢抗议而不是行动。他们更喜欢在推特上谈论而不是做出正确的决定。他们从伦敦北部的豪宅出发，打的去英国广播电视台，驳斥任何挑战现状的人。从广播到播客，他们推销相同的答案。总是提倡增加税收、加强监管和过度干涉。而这，错，错，错。（掌声）

我们看到反增长联盟正在全国范围内干涉我们的行动。他们想对我们需要投资能源安全的公司征收额外税款，而他的临时解决方案只能持续六个月。他没有长期计划，也没有对英国的愿景。(掌声。)威尔士的马克·德雷克福德取消了道路建设项目，拒绝修建缓解道路。苏格兰的尼古拉·斯特金不愿修建新的核电站以解决能源危机。这些人从来就没有遇到过他们不喜欢的税收增加-(笑声和掌声)-或者他们不想控制的行业吗？他们不理解英国人民，不理解抱负，他们准备让我们的城镇和城市面临衰退。(掌声)

我的朋友们，反增长联盟知道谁支付他们的工资吗？(掌声)是在我们国家各地的工厂里生产东西的人们。是早晨起床去工作的人们。是乘火车进入全国各地城镇和城市的通勤者。我想到了送货的白色货车司机、理发师、水管工、会计师、电脑工作者和全英国数百万其他人。(掌声。)反增长联盟根本不明白。因为他们没有像普通工作的人们一样面临挑战。这些企业的敌人不知道你们看到游行者阻塞你的道路或罢工导致你的火车停运的沮丧感。实际上，他们在极左派的朋友中往往是制造混乱的人。

反增长联盟认为那些贴在火车、道路和建筑物上的人是英雄。我说真正的英雄是那些出门工作、承担责任并为自己和家人谋求更好生活的人。我站在他们这一边。(掌声)我们将更快地建设道路、铁路、能源和宽带。我们将不留余力地支持增长、支持抱负和支持企业家精神。这是我们迈向国家成功的长期道路。

在这个新时代，我们采取了新的方法，朋友们。我们的焦点是促进全国的增长，提供更多的机会。这个使命将会很艰难。但这是必要的。如果我们想让我们的经济再次复苏，我们别无选择。我已准备好做出艰难的选择。你们可以信任我做出的决定。现状不是一个选择。这就是为什么我们不能屈服于衰落的声音。我们不能屈服于那些声称英国不能更快发展的人。我们不能屈服于那些声称我们做不到更好的人。我们必须坚定不移。我们是唯一一个有明确计划让英国复苏的政党。我们是唯一一个有决心交付答案的政党。我们可以一起激发我们伟大国家的全部潜力。这就是我们将如何为新时代建设一个新的英国。(掌声)。