目的论视角下的《走进景宁，探秘山清水秀的畲族之乡》汉译实践报告

Table of Contents

1 Introduction

There are 56 ethnic groups in China, with the majority of Han people often lacking knowledge of these minority cultures. Located in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, Jingning County is a significant gathering place for the She people. This research intends to address the She culture's loss, attract attention to its preservation, and boost tourism publicity to foster cultural understanding.

1.1 Project Background

The She nationality has a rich history and has formed unique customs, language, and clothing. However, these cultural aspects are facing decline:

Traditional She customs, such as weddings involving over 20 ritual procedures, are losing popularity among modern She youth due to changing preferences. The traditional song custom has been severely weakened, with She people becoming less inclined to sing She songs even when given the opportunity to promote their culture.

Language is crucial to a nation's identity. Although the She people have their own language, they primarily use Putonghua for communication. This“bilingual” phenomenon has persisted, and with the deepening of Chinese education, the She language is slowly disappearing. Today's younger generation cannot speak the language or sing She songs, putting the language at risk of extinction.

She traditional clothing, characterized by the delicate phoenix bird costume, is becoming less prevalent. Discrimination concerns and the inconvenience of wearing these outfits have led many young people to abandon the unique She attire. Traditional costumes are now mostly worn symbolically during festivals, and some families don't own any She clothing at all. Consequently, these traditional garments are gradually disappearing from sight.

1.2 Purpose and Significance of Translation Practice

The She people, one of China’s ethnic minorities with a small population, reside predominantly in southeastern provinces like Fujian and Zhejiang. With a unique culture developed over a long history, the She people have created customs, language, and clothing specific to their heritage. Unfortunately, these elements are gradually fading away due to modernization and lack of awareness. This research aims to highlight the She culture's significance, promote tourism, and encourage the preservation of this unique ethnic heritage.

Therefore, the author tries to translate the tourism text, Exploring Jingning: Unveiling the Pristine Beauty of the She Ethnic Homeland from Chinese to English to promote She culture and tourism. The translation practice will adhere to the Skopos Theory, ensuring that the target text effectively conveys the source text's purpose and content. By translating the text, this study intends to increase global awareness of the She culture, promote cultural exchange, and contribute to the preservation of the She people's unique heritage.

In conclusion, this research aims to address the fading aspects of She culture by translating a tourism text that showcases the unique customs, language, and clothing of the She people. By raising awareness and promoting tourism, it is hoped that the She culture will be preserved and appreciated by future generations.

2. Translation Process

2.1 TheoreticalFoundation

2.1.1 Basic Concepts of Skopos Theory

The Skopos Theory, a well-established theoretical framework in the field of translation studies, emphasizes the importance of investigating the objectives and roles of translation. Notable concepts underpinning this theory encompass translation purpose, translation function, translation strategy, and translation quality assessment. In this comprehensive review, we will delve into these core ideas, elaborating on their significance in translation studies and providing real-world examples to support the discussion. We will address the concepts of translation purpose, translation function, translation strategy, and translation quality assessment, with reference to relevant literature.

Translation purpose pertains to the intended aim or objective of a translation project. Nord suggests that translation purposes can be classified into three main categories: informative, expressive, and operative. Informative purposes involve the conveyance of information, while expressive purposes center on expressing specific attitudes or feelings. Operative purposes, on the other hand, relate to the translation's function within the target culture, such as promoting a product or conveying a message.

In summary, Skopos Theory provides a valuable framework for comprehending the purposes and functions of translation, as well as the strategies and criteria utilized to achieve them. By considering these factors, translators can better address the needs of their clients and audiences and contribute to successful cross-cultural communication. The core concepts of Skopos Theory, such as translation purpose, function, strategy, and quality assessment, are crucial for understanding the complexities of translation processes and outcomes. This comprehensive overview offers insights into these concepts and highlights their significance in translation studies, ultimately contributing to more effective and meaningful translations in various contexts.

2.1.2 Skopos Theory’ s Application in Cultural and Tourism Translation

Skopos Theory highlights the importance of the target text’s function and the translator’s role in achieving the intended purpose. In the context of tourism and cultural translation, this theory can provide useful guidance for translators, as they need to consider the specific goals of the target audience, such as promoting cultural understanding, providing practical information, or encouraging tourism.

Relevance in cultural translation can be seen in Nord’s analysis of the “cultural filter” in translation. Nord argues that the translator should be aware of the cultural differences between the source and target languages and adapt the translation accordingly to achieve the intended purpose. This is particularly relevant in tourism translation, where bridging the gap between cultures is essential.

Several studies have demonstrated the applicability of Skopos Theory in tourism and cultural translation. For example, Jia and Yu examined the translation of tourist contents from the perspective of Skopos Theory, highlighting the importance of considering the target audience’s expectations and preferences when translating promotional materials.

Although Skopos Theory provides a valuable framework for tourism and cultural translation, it is not without its challenges and limitations. Some critics argue that the emphasis on the target text's purpose may lead to a loss of source text fidelity. Additionally, cultural nuances and subtleties may be difficult to convey in translation, especially when the source and target cultures differ significantly.

To sum up, Skopos Theory offers a useful perspective for tourism and cultural translation, as it emphasizes the importance of the target text’s purpose and the translator's role in achieving it. By considering the specific goals of the target audience and cultural context, translators can better adapt their strategies to meet the needs of tourism and cultural communication. However, challenges remain in balancing fidelity to the source text and the intended purpose of the target text.

2.2 Pre-translation Preparation

Before embarking on the translation of the provided text about Jingning She Autonomous County, it was crucial to conduct thorough research to comprehend the cultural and historical background of the She ethnic group, as well as the geographical and environmental context of the region. This foundational knowledge allowed for a deeper understanding of the unique aspects of She ethnic culture, their customs, and the natural beauty of their environment, which is essential for an accurate and meaningful translation.

To familiarize myself with the She ethnic group, the author researched their history, language, and cultural practices. the author discovered that they have a rich cultural heritage, with unique traditions in song and dance, clothing, and festivals. Understanding these cultural elements enabled me to appreciate the significance of terms and phrases used in the text, such as “畲族歌舞” (She Ethnic Song and Dance) and “风情畲寨” (Charming She Village).

Next, the author studied the geography and natural environment of Jingning She Autonomous County. Located in Zhejiang Province, China, the county is characterized by its picturesque landscapes, featuring lush mountains, clear rivers, and diverse flora and fauna. This research helped me visualize the settings described in the text, such as “云中大漈” (Yunzhong Daji) and “畲乡茶园” (She Township Tea Garden), and provided context for understanding the importance of nature in the lives of the She people.

In addition to researching the cultural and environmental context, the author also looked into the translation techniques and strategies commonly used in translating texts of this nature. This included studying the translation of idiomatic expressions, cultural-specific terms, and the use of descriptive language to convey meaning effectively.

2.3 Challenges Encountered During Translation

While translating the text, the author encountered several difficulties that required careful consideration and decision-making. One of the challenges was the translation of cultural-specific terms and expressions, such as “畲族歌舞” (She Ethnic Song and Dance) and “云中大漈” (Yunzhong Daji). To address this issue, the author conducted further research to understand the context and meaning behind these terms and provided a descriptive translation that conveys the intended meaning while maintaining cultural nuances.

For instance, the term“云中大漈”(Yunzhong Daji) describes a picturesque valley surrounded by mountains and clouds. To convey the beauty and poetic nature of this term in English, the author translated it as “Yunzhong Daji - A paradise in the clouds.” This translation captures the essence of the original term while preserving its cultural and poetic qualities.

Another challenge was the translation of idiomatic expressions and phrases that do not have a direct equivalent in English, such as “日出而作、日落而息” (Working at sunrise, resting at sunset). In these cases, the author aimed to provide a translation that conveys the underlying meaning while preserving the poetic and idiomatic nature of the original text. To achieve this, the author translated the expression as “working at sunrise, resting at sunset,”which maintains the original sentiment while being easily understood by English readers.

Other difficulties included maintaining consistency in the translation of recurring terms and phrases, such as “石寨深垟” (Shizhai Shenyang) and “畲乡田园综合体” (She Township Rural Complex). To ensure that the translation was coherent and consistent, the author created a glossary of key terms and phrases, which the author referred to throughout the translation process.

Lastly, the author encountered challenges in accurately conveying the poetic and descriptive language used in the original text. To address this, the author focused on using vivid and evocative language in English that captures the essence of the original descriptions while maintaining the overall tone and atmosphere. For example, when translating “一碧万顷”(a vast expanse of blue), the author chose to render it as “a vast expanse of blue and charming scenery,” which captures the visual imagery and emotional impact of the original phrase.

2.4 Post-translation Review and Editing

After completing the translation, the author conducted a thorough review and editing process to ensure the accuracy, consistency, and fluency of the translated text. This involved comparing the translation with the original text to identify any discrepancies, inconsistencies, or areas where the meaning may not have been accurately conveyed. During this process, the author paid particular attention to the translation of culturally-specific terms, idiomatic expressions, and descriptive language, as these elements posed the greatest challenge during the translation process.

To ensure consistency, the author reviewed the glossary of key terms and phrases that the author had created during the translation process and double-checked the usage of these terms throughout the translated text. This helped to maintain a coherent and consistent translation that accurately reflects the original text.

In addition to checking for accuracy and consistency, the author also reviewed the translated text for fluency and readability. This involved assessing the sentence structure, word choice, and overall flow of the translation, ensuring that it reads smoothly and naturally in English while preserving the meaning and cultural nuances of the original text.

As part of the editing process, the author also sought feedback from peers and native speakers of both Chinese and English, who reviewed the translation and provided valuable insights and suggestions for improvement. This collaborative approach helped to enhance the quality of the translation and ensure that it effectively conveys the intended meaning while remaining faithful to the original text.

In conclusion, the translation of the text about Jingning She Autonomous County required a comprehensive understanding of the cultural and historical background of the She ethnic group, as well as the geographical and environmental context of the region. By conducting thorough research, employing effective translation techniques and strategies, and engaging in a rigorous review and editing process, the author was able to produce a translation that accurately conveys the meaning, cultural nuances, and poetic nature of the original text, providing English readers with an insightful glimpse into the unique aspects of She ethnic culture and the natural beauty of their environment.

3 Examples of the Translation Using Skopos Theory

3.1 Examples Using the Principle of Skopos

The principle of Skopos in translation theory emphasizes the purpose or function of the translation. According to this principle, a translator should consider the target audience and the intended purpose of the translated text. This means that the translator might need to adapt the content, style, and tone of the translation to suit its intended purpose and audience. In this analysis, we will examine how the translator adheres to the principle of Skopos by comparing the original Chinese text and the English translation.

One example of the Skopos principle can be found in the description of 云中大漈(Yunzhong Daji). The original Chinese text highlights the tranquility and beauty of the location as follows:

 “在这里，你可以体验“日出而作、日落而息，闲敲棋子醉花茶”的生活方式，看不够的风高云淡、山峦叠嶂；听不够的鸡啼狗吠，雨夜蛙声，蝉鸣虫唱……”

The English translation maintains the Skopos principle by adapting the content for an English-speaking audience:

 “Here, you can experience the lifestyle of “working at sunrise, resting at sunset, leisurely playing chess and getting drunk with flower tea”, where you can't see enough of the high winds and clear clouds, and the overlapping mountains; Not enough chicken crows and dog barks, frogs on rainy nights, cicadas and insects singing...”

In this example, the translator effectively conveys the peaceful atmosphere and idyllic lifestyle of Yunzhong Daji while considering the target audienc’s expectations and cultural background. The translation is accessible and appealing to English-speaking readers, fulfilling the intended purpose of introducing them to this beautiful location.

3.2 Examples Using the Principle of Coherence

The principle of coherence is crucial in translation, as it ensures that the translated text is well-structured, logical, and easy to understand. A coherent translation should maintain the overall flow of the source text while preserving its meaning and tone. In this analysis, we will examine how the translator adheres to the principle of coherence by comparing the original Chinese text and the English translation.

An example of coherence in the translation can be found in the description of “畲乡田园综合体”(She Township Rural Complex). The original Chinese text describes the picturesque setting as follows:

 “最是一年春好处，田园踏青正当时。离景宁县城最近的畲寨东弄，必定是不可错过的畲乡网红打卡点哦！”

The English translation maintains coherence by providing a smooth and logical rendition of the original text:

 “The most beneficial thing in spring is the timing of rural outings. The nearest She Village East Lane to Jingning County is definitely a must-have She Township internet celebrity check-in point!”

In this example, the translator effectively captures the essence of the source text while maintaining coherence. The translation is easy to understand and maintains a logical flow that mirrors the original text. This allows readers to appreciate the beauty and charm of the She Township Rural Complex without any confusion or disconnection.

Another example of coherence can be found in the description of “畲乡茶园”(She Township Tea Garden):

 “四月的惠明寺茶山，一碧万顷，景色迷人。除了有着怡人的风光，还有一群辛勤的采茶人，和前来观光、摄影、品茗的游客。”

The English translation demonstrates coherence by rendering the original text in a clear and logical manner:

 “In April, the tea mountain of Huiming Temple has a vast expanse of blue and charming scenery. In addition to the pleasant scenery, there is also a group of hardworking tea pickers and tourists who come for sightseeing, photography, and tea tasting.”

The translation effectively conveys the content of the original text while maintaining a coherent and easily understandable structure. The translator's choice of words and phrasing helps to create a seamless and cohesive representation of the original text, allowing English readers to appreciate the stunning scenery of the She Township Tea Garden without any difficulty.

3.3 Examples Using the Principle of Fidelity

In this translated text, the translator adheres to the principle of fidelity, striving to convey the original meaning and spirit of the Chinese text into English. Fidelity is crucial in translation, as it ensures that the translated text remains true to the source text's content, tone, and style. Below, we will analyze how this translation demonstrates fidelity through the comparison of the original Chinese text and the English translation.

For instance, in the description of “云中大漈”(Yunzhong Daji), the original Chinese text paints a vivid picture of a paradise in the clouds:

 “一个云中的世外桃源。四周群山绕，水声潺潺，农民往来种作，一幅安乐自由的乡间景象映入眼帘，犹如闯入云中桃源。”

The English translation maintains the fidelity of the original text by preserving the imagery and tone:

 “A paradise in the clouds. Surrounded by mountains, the sound of water ripples, and farmers working together, a peaceful and free rural scene catches our eyes, like breaking into a paradise amidst clouds.”

This translation not only accurately conveys the meaning but also retains the poetic and picturesque quality of the original text. The translator successfully captures the essence of the source text, providing readers with a vivid mental image of the tranquil and idyllic landscape.

Another example can be found in the description of “石寨深垟”(Shizhai Shenyang):

 “这里青山环抱，绿水绕村，家家房屋、户户院墙，乃至田埂、道路都用石头垒成，古老建筑存留至今，为深垟赢得了“石头城”的美誉。”

The English translation faithfully captures the details of the setting:

 “Shenyang Village is located in Dongkeng Town, Jingning. Surrounded by green mountains and surrounded by green water, every house, courtyard wall, and even fields and roads are made of stone. The ancient buildings have survived to this day, earning Shenyang the reputation of ‘Stone City’.”

By maintaining the fidelity of the source text, the English translation effectively conveys the unique architectural characteristics and natural beauty of Shenyang Village. The translator's choice of words and phrasing preserves the richness and vividness of the original text, allowing readers to appreciate the distinct charm of the location.

In the translation process, the addition technique is used to provide supplementary information or context to the target audience that may not be present in the source text. In the first passage, we see an example of this technique:

Original text: 一个云中的世外桃源。Translation: A paradise in the clouds.

In the original Chinese text, the term“世外桃源”is a culturally rich idiom that conveys a sense of utopia or an ideal place. The English translation adds the word “paradise” to help convey this concept to the target audience, who may not be familiar with the specific cultural reference.

Original text: 夜晚，我们在燃起的篝火中放肆歌舞。

Translation: At night, we sang and danced recklessly in the lit bonfire.

In the original Chinese text, the phrase “放肆歌舞”conveys a sense of uninhibited singing and dancing, which might not be immediately understood by the target audience. The English translation uses the adverb “recklessly” to help convey this feeling of freedom and spontaneity, providing additional context to the reader who may not be familiar with the cultural significance of this expression.

Original text: 身于层层叠叠的茶园中，感受微风、鸟鸣、茶香。

Translation: Sitting in the stacked tea gardens, feeling the breeze, bird song, and tea fragrance.

In this example, the original Chinese text describes a scene where someone is surrounded by tea gardens and experiencing various sensations. The English translation employs the addition technique by adding the verb “sitting” to emphasize the immersive nature of the experience. This extra detail helps the target audience better understand and visualize the intimate connection between the person and their environment, which might not have been as evident in the source text alone.

By utilizing the addition technique, translators can effectively convey the meaning and context of the source text to the target audience, bridging cultural gaps and ensuring a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the content. This approach not only enhances the readability of the translation but also provides a richer and more engaging experience for the reader.

Subtraction is used in translation when the source text contains information that may be unnecessary or redundant for the target audience. In the seventh passage, we see an example of subtraction:

Original text: 雪花飞瀑宣泄而下，仿佛要倾尽所有的热情。Translation: The snowflake waterfall pours down, as if to exhaust all enthusiasm.

In the original text, the phrase “宣泄而下”describes the action of the waterfall. The English translation simplifies this expression to “pours down,” omitting the more detailed description in the source text. This subtraction allows for a more concise and straightforward expression in the target language.

Original text: 身于层层叠叠的茶园中，感受微风、鸟鸣、茶香，身体里憋闷了一冬的浊气，终于消弭于无形。

Translation: Sitting in the stacked tea gardens, feeling the breeze, bird song, and tea fragrance, the stagnant qi in my body that had been suppressed for a whole winter finally disappeared invisibly.

In this passage, the original text uses the phrase “层层叠叠的茶园中”to describe the layers upon layers of tea gardens. The English translation simplifies this description to “stacked tea gardens,” omitting the repetitive nature of the original expression. This subtraction results in a more concise and easily understandable phrase in the target language without losing the intended meaning.

By using the subtraction technique, translators can make the translated text more concise and easier to understand for the target audience. This approach not only improves the readability of the translation but also helps to eliminate unnecessary redundancy, resulting in a more efficient and effective communication of the source text's content.

Rewriting involves modifying the source text to improve the flow or clarity of the translation or to adapt cultural references for the target audience. In the ninth passage, we can observe an example of rewriting:

Original text: 撞进城市洪流，内心渴望的诗意栖居之所。Translation: Crashing into the urban torrent, the poetic dwelling that one yearns for in the heart.

In the original Chinese text, the phrase “撞进城市洪流”conveys the idea of entering the bustling urban life. The English translation rewrites this as “crashing into the urban torrent,” using the metaphor of a torrent to express the intensity of city life. Additionally, the phrase “内心渴望的诗意栖居之所”is restructured in the English translation to “the poetic dwelling that one yearns for in the heart,” maintaining the sentiment while improving the flow for English readers.

Original text: 它们是一道道风景，穿越千年的诗篇。

Translation: They are picturesque landscapes, traversing through the verses of a thousand years.

In the original Chinese text, the phrase “一道道风景”refers to a series of landscapes. The English translation rewrites this as “picturesque landscapes,” providing a more vivid and descriptive term for English readers. Furthermore, “穿越千年的诗篇”is restructured in the translation to “traversing through the verses of a thousand years,” maintaining the original sentiment while improving the flow for the target audience.

Original text: 那些年轻的面孔，仿佛在诉说着古老的传说。

Translation: The young faces seem to narrate ancient legends.

In the original text, the phrase “那些年轻的面孔”describes the young faces. The English translation rewrites this as “the young faces,” simplifying the phrase for a smoother flow. Additionally, “仿佛在诉说着古老的传说”is restructured in the English translation to “seem to narrate ancient legends,” maintaining the intended meaning while enhancing the readability for English readers.In summary, this case analysis demonstrates the effective application of addition, subtraction, and rewriting techniques in the given Chinese to English translation. These techniques help convey the intended meaning and cultural nuances while adapting the text to better suit the target audience.

4 Conclusion

4.1 Gains and Summary

Throughout the process of translating the Jingning Tourist and Cultural Content using Skopos Theory, several valuable insights and gains were achieved. The translator's adherence to the principles of Skopos, coherence, and fidelity ensured a high-quality translation that effectively conveyed the intended meaning, tone, and cultural nuances of the source text.

The addition, subtraction, and rewriting techniques allowed the translator to adapt the content for the target audience while preserving the essence of the original text. These techniques facilitated a smoother, more coherent, and culturally appropriate translation. The translator’s ability to balance fidelity to the source text with the intended purpose of the target text contributed to a successful translation that achieved its goal of promoting cultural understanding and encouraging tourism.

Furthermore, the application of Skopos Theory provided a useful framework for the translator to navigate the challenges of cultural and tourism translation (Snell-Hornby, 2006). By considering the target audience's expectations and preferences, as well as the specific goals of the translation project, the translator was able to make informed decisions about the most appropriate translation strategies and techniques.

4.2 Limitations and Challenges

Despite the successes and gains achieved through this translation project, certain limitations and challenges were encountered. One of the primary challenges was striking a balance between remaining faithful to the source text and adapting the content to suit the target audience's cultural background and expectations.

In some cases, the translator had to make difficult decisions regarding the degree of adaptation necessary to achieve the intended purpose of the translation. This process involved weighing the importance of preserving the source text's cultural nuances against the need to create a text that was accessible and appealing to the target audience.

Another challenge was dealing with the inherent limitations of language when attempting to convey the rich cultural and linguistic nuances of the original Chinese text. Despite the translator's best efforts, certain subtleties and cultural references may have been lost or inadequately represented in the English translation.

Moving forward, the insights gained from this translation project can be used to improve future cultural and tourism translation efforts. By continuing to apply Skopos Theory and refining translation strategies and techniques, translators can better address the needs of their clients and audiences, ultimately contributing to more effective cross-cultural communication.

Additionally, future research and translation projects may benefit from incorporating other theoretical frameworks and approaches to complement Skopos Theory. For example, incorporating theories such as cultural translation, functionalism, or cognitive translation studies could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the translation process and its challenges.

Moreover, as technology continues to advance, the integration of translation tools and artificial intelligence may play a more significant role in supporting translators in their work. By leveraging these tools and resources, translators can potentially overcome some of the challenges and limitations encountered in this project, such as preserving cultural nuances and conveying subtleties between languages.

In conclusion, this case study of translating Jingning Tourist and Cultural Content using Skopos Theory has demonstrated the value of considering the translation purpose, function, and target audience when undertaking cultural and tourism translation projects. The insights gained from this project, along with the recognition of its limitations and challenges, can inform future translation endeavors and contribute to the ongoing development of translation theory and practice in the field of cultural and tourism translation.

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APPENDIXI

景宁傍山而建，瓯江支流小溪贯穿全城。构成了“九山半水半分田”和“两山夹一水，众壑闹飞流”的地貌格局。景宁也是全国唯一的畲族自治县，自畲族迁徙之今，已有一千多年的历史。行走于景宁，到处可以感受到绵长悠久的畲族文化。

廊桥

初到景宁，映入眼帘的是一座座廊桥。全县现共有112座廊桥，各不相同，堪称廊桥之镇。桥上雕梁画栋，亭台灯笼古色古香，飞檐翘角，每一处都凝结着劳动人民的智慧。廊桥即上面带有长廊的中国式长桥，亦称虹桥、蜈蚣桥等，为有顶的桥，可保护桥梁，同时亦可遮阳避雨、供人休憩。

景宁畲族博物馆

来到一个地方，想要了解他的历史文化，自然第一站就是他的博物馆。馆内展厅分为迁徙与分布、环境与聚居、生产与交换、饮食与服饰、风习与信仰、文化与艺术六个单元。以畲族的发展史为主线，通过大量的文物、视频图片，空间模型，互动项目向我们讲述畲族的多姿多彩的文化。

畲乡绿道

畲乡绿道绝对是天然氧吧，洗肺圣地。这里的溪水绿得如翡翠一般，两岸青山伴着溪流蜿蜒而去，一路上红叶黄杏相交映。微风轻拂，骑着脚踏车缓缓前进，如同回到了年少的时候，好青春，心情也跟着豁然开朗。绿道全程13.14公里，意味一生一世，路很平整，很适合跑步骑行。途中共设溪口休憩驿站、扫口度假养生区、景均廊桥、大均绿道主入口等好几个站点，累了都可以停下来歇一歇，感受这青山绿水的诗意。

畲乡之窗——大均村

畲乡绿道的终点就是被誉为中国畲乡之窗的大均村，始建于唐末。

大均村依山傍水，溪河流淌，青苔石阶，白墙青瓦，红灯笼。漫步其中，如同一幅幅画卷。

畲族婚嫁

如果你想更进一步感受地道的畲乡风俗，就来体验一把别具情趣的畲族婚嫁。畲家姑娘可漂亮了。出嫁的姑娘梳着“凤凰头”，好不精致。迎亲队伍要先到新娘家，与伴娘们对歌，抢鸡笼，喝茶。席间要进行猜菜肴、识别名的歌酒令， “盘歌”和“对唱”贯穿始终。

畲族歌舞

夜晚，我们在燃起的篝火中放肆歌舞。无论是婚嫁、酿酒、祭祀，都化为畲族歌舞的艺术形式，将文化传递给我们。

云中大漈

一个云中的世外桃源。四周群山绕，水声潺潺，农民往来种作，一幅安乐自由的乡间景象映入眼帘，犹如闯入云中桃源。在逶迤的山路间盘旋，峰回路转处，坠入一片云下的隐秘山谷。群山环抱的大漈如同陶渊明笔下的桃花源一般，唯有亲身至此，才能拨开山间萦绕的轻岚，一窥这山间古乡镇的全貌。走进一片云里，寻找一处安宁。在这里，你可以体验“日出而作、日落而息，闲敲棋子醉花茶”的生活方式，看不够的风高云淡、山峦叠嶂；听不够的鸡啼狗吠，雨夜蛙声，蝉鸣虫唱……

来大漈，最不能错过的是那雪花漈了。雪花飞瀑宣泄而下，仿佛要倾尽所有的热情，在隆隆的水声中，那雪花似的流水飞溅开来，顽皮地甩你一脸的惊艳。

石寨深垟

在这里，精美石头会开花，家家户户都养生。深垟村位于景宁东坑镇， 这里青山环抱，绿水绕村，家家房屋、户户院墙，乃至田埂、道路都用石头垒成，古老建筑存留至今，为深垟赢得了“石头城”的美誉。而如今，“石上花开”，古朴深垟又洋溢出别样生机。这里不止是有名的“石头寨”，还是个有趣的“多肉村”。在以石铺路，以石垒墙的深垟村，房前屋后的各色多肉植物点缀其中，美不胜收，引得游人纷纷赞叹新奇。

畲乡田园综合体

最是一年春好处，田园踏青正当时。离景宁县城最近的畲寨东弄，必定是不可错过的畲乡网红打卡点哦！撞进城市洪流，内心渴望的诗意栖居之所，阳光、空气和自然风景，四面青山俊秀，路边泉水潺潺，一条条蜿蜒曲折的木栈道，一幢幢别具特色的小木屋，在满眼翠绿的山水之间让人心旷神怡。

畲乡茶园

畲乡有个地方，目之所及皆是绿，四处弥漫着春的气息，无需追寻繁花芳踪，来这寻觅绿意别有一番野趣。四月的惠明寺茶山，一碧万顷，景色迷人。除了有着怡人的风光，还有一群辛勤的采茶人，和前来观光、摄影、品茗的游客。身于层层叠叠的茶园中，感受微风、鸟鸣、茶香，身体里憋闷了一冬的浊气，终于消弭于无形。

风情畲寨

看过了大好河山，趟过了川流小溪，唯有古村的神秘，还未一起踏寻。在景宁，古村落里春意盎然。这里的民风纯朴，民俗文化相对集中，早期的服饰文化、山歌文化、饮食文化等在这里得以较好的保存。以其秀美的自然山水、古朴的民俗风情、深厚的人文历史，构成一道集自然风光、生态田园、风土人情于一身的靓丽风景。

APPENDIXII

Jingning is built by the mountain, and a small stream, a tributary of the Oujiang River, runs through the entire city. Formed a landscape pattern of “nine mountains, half water, half farmland”and “two mountains sandwiched with one water, numerous ravines bustling and flowing”. Jingning is also the only She Autonomous County in China, with a history of over a thousand years since the migration of the She ethnic group. Walking in Jingning, one can feel the long and ancient She culture everywhere.

Corridor bridge

When I first arrived in Jingning, I saw covered bridges one after another. There are a total of 112 covered bridges in the county, each of which is different, making it a town of covered bridges. Carved beams and painted rafters on the bridge, antique pavilions and lanterns, cornices and cornices, and the wisdom of the working people are condensed everywhere. A covered bridge is a Chinese style long bridge with a long corridor above it, also known as the Hongqiao, Centipede Bridge, etc. It is a roofed bridge that can protect the bridge and also provide shade and shelter from rain for people to rest.

Jingning She Ethnic Museum

When you come to a place and want to learn about its history and culture, the first stop is naturally its museum. The exhibition hall in the museum is divided into six units: migration and distribution, environment and settlement, production and exchange, food and clothing, customs and beliefs, and culture and art. Taking the development history of the She ethnic group as the main thread, through a large number of cultural relics, video images, spatial models, and interactive projects, we are told about the diverse and colorful culture of the She ethnic group.

She Township Greenway

She Township Greenway is definitely a natural oxygen bar and a holy land for lung washing. The streams here are as green as jade, with green mountains winding along the banks, and red leaves and yellow apricots intersecting along the way. With a gentle breeze blowing, riding a bicycle slowly forward is like returning to a young age, feeling youthful and refreshed. The entire length of the greenway is 13.14 kilometers, which means a lifetime. The road is very smooth and suitable for running and cycling. Several stations were set up along the way, including Xikou Recreation Station, Shuokou Resort and Health Preservation Area, Jingjun Corridor Bridge, and the main entrance of Dajun Greenway. If you are tired, you can stop to rest and feel the poetic beauty of green mountains and waters

The Window of She Township - Dajun Village

The endpoint of She Township Greenway is Dajun Village, known as the window of She Township in China, which was built in the late Tang Dynasty.Dajun Village is surrounded by mountains and rivers, flowing with moss and stone steps, white walls and green tiles, and red lanterns. Strolling through it is like a painting scroll.

She Ethnic Marriage

If you want to further experience the authentic customs of She Township, come and experience a unique She ethnic wedding. The She family girl is so beautiful. The married girl is wearing a “phoenix head”, very exquisite. The wedding procession should first go to the bride’s house, sing to the bridesmaids, grab a chicken coop, and drink tea. During the banquet, it is necessary to guess the dishes and identify the names of the songs and drinks, with “pan ge” and “duet” running throughout.

She Ethnic Song and Dance

At night, we sang and danced recklessly in the lit bonfire. Whether it is marriage, wine making, or sacrificial ceremonies, they have all become art forms of She ethnic song and dance, conveying culture to us.

Yunzhong Daji

A paradise in the clouds. Surrounded by mountains, the sound of water ripples, and farmers working together, a peaceful and free rural scene catches our eyes, like breaking into a paradise amidst clouds. Circling among the winding mountain roads, at the turning of peaks and turns, I fell into a hidden valley under a cloud. The large waterfalls surrounded by mountains are like the Peach Blossom Land described by Tao Yuanming. Only by personally visiting here can one dispel the lingering light haze in the mountains and gain a panoramic view of this ancient town in the mountains.

Walking into a cloud, searching for a place of peace. Here, you can experience the lifestyle of “working at sunrise, resting at sunset, leisurely playing chess and getting drunk with flower tea”, where you can’t see enough of the high winds and clear clouds, and the overlapping mountains; Not enough chicken crows and dog barks, frogs on rainy nights, cicadas and insects singing.

The last thing you can miss when you come to Daji is the Snowflake Waterfall. The snowflake waterfall pours down, as if to exhaust all enthusiasm. In the rumbling sound of the water, the snowflake like flowing water splashes out, playfully shaking your stunning face.

Shizhai Shenyang

Here, exquisite stones bloom and every household maintains health.

Shenyang Village is located in Dongkeng Town, Jingning. Surrounded by green mountains and surrounded by green water, every house, courtyard wall, and even fields and roads are made of stone. The ancient buildings have survived to this day, earning Shenyang the reputation of “Stone City”. Now, with flowers blooming on the rocks, the ancient and rustic city of Shenyang is overflowing with new vitality. This is not only a famous “Stone Village”, but also an interesting “succulent village”. In Shenyang Village, where roads are paved with stones and walls are built with stones, the colorful succulent plants in front and behind the houses are interspersed with beauty, attracting visitors to admire and marvel at the novelty.

She Township Rural Complex

The most beneficial thing in spring is the timing of rural outings. The nearest She Village East Lane to Jingning County is definitely a must-have She Township internet celebrity check-in point! Crashing into the urban torrent, the poetic dwelling that one yearns for in the heart, surrounded by sunshine, air, and natural scenery, surrounded by beautiful mountains on all sides, gurgling springs on the roadside, winding wooden plank roads, and unique small wooden houses, makes one feel relaxed and happy amidst the lush mountains and waters.

She Township Tea Garden

There is a place in She Township where all you can see is green, filled with the scent of spring everywhere. There is no need to pursue the scent of flowers, and searching for greenery here has a unique wild charm.

In April, the tea mountain of Huiming Temple has a vast expanse of blue and charming scenery. In addition to the pleasant scenery, there is also a group of hardworking tea pickers and tourists who come for sightseeing, photography, and tea tasting. Sitting in the stacked tea gardens, feeling the breeze, bird song, and tea fragrance, the stagnant qi in my body that had been suppressed for a whole winter finally disappeared invisibly.

Charming She Village

After seeing the beautiful rivers and mountains, wading through the rivers and streams, only the mystery of the ancient village has not been explored together. In Jingning, the ancient villages are full of spring. The folk customs here are simple, and the folk culture is relatively concentrated. The early clothing culture, folk song culture, and food culture are well preserved here. With its beautiful natural landscapes, ancient folk customs, and profound cultural history, it forms a beautiful scenery that combines natural scenery, ecological countryside, and local customs.

Acknowledgments

Graduation is approaching, and I am grateful to my alma mater for not only imparting me a lot of English knowledge, but also teaching me how to be a good person, providing a good environment for us to focus on learning and cultivate our character here.

I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Ms. Chen Li, for providing me with great encouragement when I needed help. The writing of this article was thanks to her careful guidance, which condensed her efforts from perspective analysis to careful consideration of words and phrases.

In addition, I must thank my parents for their upbringing, which I cannot repay. Because of their hard work day and night, I have the opportunity to complete my university studies as I wish and thus gain opportunities for development

Finally, I would like to thank my friends for their support, which enabled me to successfully complete my paper.