秋瑾故居
秋瑾故居是绍兴首批国家级文保单位。”秋瑾故居”匾额，是革命家何香凝女士所题。隐门上的对联”悲哉秋之为气；惨矣瑾其可怀”是秋瑾就义时一位无名氏所写贴于秋瑾就义之处。 | Qiu Jin’s former residence is one of the first national cultural preservation places in Shaoxing. “Qiu Jin’s former residence” plaque, is dedicated by the revolutionist Ms.He Xiangning. The couplet on the gib door“The sad autumn carries forward the ambition and the pitiful gem remains in our mind.”is the words pasted at the site where she died at a martyr by an anonymous author. Notes: “Qiu” is the heroine’s family name whose pronunciation sounds like “autumn”, and “Jin” implies “a beautiful gem”. |
“和畅堂”是家族举行重要仪式之所。东首里间是秋瑾的卧室兼书房。正中悬挂秋嘉禾的对联：云喷笔花腾虎豹，风翻墨浪走蛟龙。侧有秋瑾的男装照片和一把龙泉剑。在床后还有个密室，这是秋瑾存放枪支及秘密文件之所。临窗的书桌上还保留着秋瑾在就义前所起草的《光复军起义稿》及她所使用的文房四宝。外一间为餐室，墙上有盟友吴芝瑛女士所赠的对联：英雄尚毅力，志士多苦心。西首一间是会客室，这是秋瑾召开革命会议的场所。 | “Hechang Hall” is the venue where the family holds important ceremonies and the inner room to the east is Qiu Jin’s bedroom and study.Qiu Jiahe’s couplet hungin the air in the middle of the hall means “The clouds in the sky look like a tiger or a leopard and after the rainfall, they become flood dragons”. On its side are the photo of Qiu Jin in men’s wear and a Longquan sword. Andthere is a secret room behind the bed, where Qiu Jin stowed her guns and confidential documents. On the desk near the window Qiu Jin’s manuscript for the Liberation Army Uprising and the scholar’s four treasures of the study she used are kept. On the wall of the outside room there is anantithetical couplet presented by her intimate Mz. Wu Zhiying, which is “The hero has great ambition and pursuits it with painstaking efforts.” |
第三进东首是书房间，西首则是秋瑾哥嫂秋誉章与张淳芝的卧室。秋誉章曾加入过光复会、同盟会等革命组织，他支持并参与秋瑾等组织的革命活动。张淳芝与秋瑾感情深厚，在秋瑾经费困难时，变卖自己的首饰以资助秋瑾从事革命活动。 | The east site of the Memorial Hall is a study and the west is the bedroom of Qiu Jin’s elder brother (Qiu Yuzhang) and her wife (Zhang Chunzi). Qiu Yuzhang once joined such revolutionary organizations as the Restoration Society and the United League and he supported and even participated in the revolutionary activities organized by Qiu Jin. Her sister-in-law Zhang Chunzi had deep love with Qiu Jin and when Qiu Jin was in financial trouble, she sold her jewelry to fund Qiu Jin’s revolutionary activities. |
第四进西首为家塾，墙上悬挂着秋学礼对后代的家训：”善读书，无妄求；可以安贫，可以乐道。”东首为秋瑾父母的卧室。父秋寿南曾中过同治举人，应聘于台湾抚案，又因劳绩被提升，后来分签到湖南。 | The west side of the bedroom is the “family school”, on the wall of which hangs a family motto for theirdescendants“Study hard with no presumptuous demand and in that case, you will be satisfied with poverty and seek pleasure at the same time.” The east side is the bedroom of Qiu Jin’s parents. Her father Qiu Shounan was a successful candidate in the imperial examinations at the provincial level in the Qing dynasties and accepted the offer to work as a governor in Taiwan. Afterwards, he was promoted to work in Hunan. |
最后一进是厨房，这是秋瑾得知徐锡麟安庆起义失败后连夜焚烧文稿之处。后花园是秋瑾少女时期练剑习武之所。 | The last room of the Mansion is the kitchen, which is also the place to burn the manuscripts after Qiu Jin knew the failure of Xu Xilin’s uprising in Anqing. The back garden is the place where Qiu Jin practiced sword and martial arts as a young girl. The exhibition hall of Qiu Jin’s life story was originally at the side wing of the Former Residence, and at the entrance stands Qiu Jin’s statue made of white marble, hanging up the inscription of Sun Yat-sen “a heroic woman of China” |
秋瑾出生于1875年，从小随祖父、父亲游历福建各地。但清末的厦门已是《南京条约》规定的通商口岸，从小秋瑾就看见外国传教士肆意欺压中国百姓，这激发了她的爱国之心。1893年父亲秋寿南在湖南认识了当地富豪王黻臣。1896年秋王两家联姻，婚后秋瑾夫妇就居住在”义源当铺”。婚后秋瑾发现丈夫王子芳是个纨绔子弟，夫妻两人”琴瑟相异”。1897年生下儿子王沅德后，王子芳捐官”工部主事”携秋瑾前往北京。此时北京动荡不安，八国联军侵华，王子芳不得已带秋瑾回湖南。此时秋瑾读了《革命军》、《浙江潮》等进步书刊，启发民主思想。清政府签下《辛丑条约》后，战事结束，王子芳回京复职。在北京她结识了丈夫的同僚廉泉之妻吴芝瑛女士。吴芝瑛的思想倾向于维新，鼓励女子接触世界，她的思想对秋瑾革命前期影响颇深。通过她的介绍，秋瑾有机会和一些进步人士交往，后来秋瑾冲破阻力去日本自费留学！ | Qiu Jin, born in 1875, traveled to various places in Fujian Province with her grandfather and father. But Xiamen in the late Qing Dynasty was already an open trading port stipulated in the Treaty of Nanjing, and since her childhood, she saw the foreign missionaries bullying the common people at their will, which inspired her profound patriotism in her mind. In 1893, his father Qiu Shounan met the local rich Wang Fuchen in Hunan and in 1896, the two families got connected through marriage, and the married couple lived in the “Yiyuan pawnshop”. But after the marriage, Qiu Jin found her husband Wang Zifang was a good-for-nothing young man from a wealthy family, and they found they were not to each other’s liking. After giving birth to his son Wang Jinde in 1897, she went to Beijing with her husband Wang Zifang who donated some money to buy an office working in the Ministry of Construction. Then, Beijing was in the course of turbulence and the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China. Wang Zifang had to take his wife back to Hunan. Just during this period, Qiu Jin read some progressive books such as Revolutionary Army and Zhejiang Tide, books that stimulated her democratic idea. After Qin Dynasty government signed the Peace Protocol of 1901, the war came to an end and her husband Wang Zifang resumed his post in Beijing. There, she met Ms.Wu Zhiying, the wife of her husband’s colleague Lian Quan. Wu Zhiying’s thoughts tended to reform, and she encouraged women to contact the world, her thoughts influencing her revolution spirit a lot at the early stage. Through her introduction, Qiu Jin had the opportunity to communicate with some progressives, and then Qiu Jin broke through the resistance to study in Japan at her own expense! |
到日本后秋瑾入读东京实践女校，课余秋瑾组建共爱会，参加演说练习会，为了发挥女子在战争中的作用她还翻译了《看护学教程》。 | Entering Japan, Qiu Jin enrolled in the Tokyo Practical Girls’ School. After school, Qiu Jin set up a Common Love Society and attended the speech exercises. In order to play her role in the war, she also translated a book entitled theNursing Tutorial. In the spring of 1905, he returned to her home country to raise tuition fees and visit relatives, and was introduced by Xu Xilin to attend the Restoration Society.After returning to Japan in June, he met Dr. Sun Yat-sen and joined the United League. |
1906年底清政府勾结日本政府对颁布了《清国留学生取缔规则》。陈天华自感救国无望而蹈海自尽，以秋瑾为代表的学生认为要斗争到底，全体撤回国以示抗议。在秋瑾感召下一部分留学生回国。 回国后秋瑾在南浔浔溪女校任教，浔溪女校校长徐自华、徐蕴华两姐妹就是在她的影响下走上革命道路。1907年她在上海创办《中国女报》。 | At the end of 1906, the Qing government colluded with the Japanese counterpart to issue Qing Ban Rules for International Students. Chen Tianhua felt it hopeless to save the country and ended his life in the ocean, and the students represented by Qiu Jin thought that they shouldfight to the end, and they all withdrew to the country to protest.Qiu Jin successfully inspired some international students to return to China. After returning to China, Qiu Jin taught in Nanxun Xunxi Girls’School. The two sisters, Xu Zihua and Xu Yunhua, co-principals of Xunxi Girls’ School, embarked on the revolutionary road under her influence.In 1907 she founded theChina Woman Newspaper in Shanghai |
1906年初，徐锡麟为打入清政府内部，捐官去安徽，而把大通学堂托付给秋瑾，二人在杭州相约在浙皖相互呼应共同起义。徐锡麟安庆起义失败，英勇就义。秋瑾得知后不顾亲友劝阻提前起义，1907年7月13日清兵”围剿”大通学堂，秋瑾在掩护战友离开后束手就擒。知府连夜提审秋瑾，可秋瑾却丝毫没有屈服写下”秋雨秋风愁煞人”。知府贵富伪造供词，将秋瑾草草判刑。1907年7月15日秋瑾在绍兴轩亭口英勇就义 | At the beginning of 1906, Xu Xilin, in order to enter the Qing government, bought an office and worked in Anhui, so he entrusted the Datong School to Qiu Jin, the two people met in Hangzhou and echoed each other a common uprisingin Zhejiang and Anhui. Xu Xilin failed in the Anqing uprising and died bravely. Qiu Jin heard that and despite her relativities’ and friends’ persuasion, went to uprising in advance. On July 13, 1907, the Qing army besieged the Datong School, and Qiu Jin was captured after covering his comrades to leave. The magistrate brought Qiu Jin to trial, but Qiu Jin did not yield and wrote down “autumn rain and autumn wind worried the evil spirit.”The magistrate and the rich men invented the confession and sentenced Qiu Jing to death hastily. On July 15, 1907, Qiu Jin died bravely in Xuantingkou, Shaoxing City. |
秋瑾被害后，革命战友按其生前愿望把她安葬于西子湖畔。1912年孙中山先生在杭州祭奠秋瑾时感慨的写下”巾帼英雄”，不久在徐自华的努力下在杭州成立了”秋社”、”竞雄女校”，在绍兴建立了纪念碑及故居等，还出版了各种书籍和电影。各界人士在不同时期都为她留下了墨宝！ | After Qiu Jin was murdered, her revolutionary comrades buried her by the West Lake according to her wishes.In 1912, Dr. Sun Yat-sen wrote down a “HEROINE” when he paid tribute to Qiu Jin’s tomb in Hangzhou.Soon after, with the efforts of Xu Zihua, he established the “Autumn Society” and the “Competitive Girls’ School” in Hangzhou, set up monuments and Former Residence in Shaoxing, and published various books and produced films.People from all walks of life have left calligraphy for her in different periods of time! |
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