历史时空中的“嘉兴样本”
Jiaxing Example
《嘉兴文献丛书》“史志·方志”首发
Debutof “Historical Records and Annalsof Local Conditions” oftheCollection of Jiaxing Literature
陈 苏 周伟达 刘博见
中国现存最早的乡镇志《澉水志》是何人所编？现存最早的嘉兴府志《至元嘉禾志》记录着怎样的历史往事？……1月16日上午，《嘉兴文献丛书》“史部·方志”首发。
WhocompiledAnnals of Ganshui (referring to Ganpu town in Jiaxing), and what eventsand stories were recorded in theAnnalsof Jiahe (nowadays Jiaxing) duringthe Zhiyuan (1264-1294) Period in the Yuan Dynasty (hereinafter The Annals of Jiahe), the existingearliestannalsoftownsandtheprefecture-levelcitiesrespectively? On January 16,“Historical Records and Annalsof Local Conditions” oftheCollection of Jiaxing Literature (hereinafter The Collection)wasdebuted.
“史部·方志”共百册，基本囊括嘉兴现行行政区域内的所有地方志，共114种，是嘉兴有史以来第一次全面系统对嘉兴地方志文献的搜集与总汇。
It consists of 100 volumes with 114 kinds, coveringalmostallannalsof Jiaxingunder the current administrative region. It is the first time ever to collect and compile suchannalsinthehistoryof Jiaxing.
《嘉兴文献丛书》是嘉兴迄今规模最大、学术体系最完备、文化元素最齐全的大型地方文献总集，“史部·方志”是其重大阶段性成果。
The Collectionboaststhelargestnumberofvolumes, a sophisticated academicsystemandawiderangeoftopics for Jiaxing. Thepublishingofthe“Historical Records and Annalsof Local Conditions” isabigstepforward.
“历史照亮未来，征程未有穷期。编纂出版《嘉兴文献丛书》不仅是为存史，更重要的是今用。”正如嘉兴市委书记张兵在丛书序言中所说，“让以历史人文为积淀的‘文化青色’更加彰显，为推动嘉兴蝶变跃升、跨越发展，奋力打造新时代全面展示中国特色社会主义制度优越性的重要窗口中最精彩板块加注充足的文化后劲。”
“Historyenlightensthefuturewhichrequiresarduousefforts. Compiling and publishing The Collection is not only tokeephistory alive butalsotoserve the needs of today.” Zhang Bing, Secretary of Municipal Party Committee of Jiaxing, said in the prologue, “Endowed with both historic interest and cultural significance, Jiaxing is expected to makefulluse of such advantages andpromotestrikingdevelopmentasawindowtosocialismwith Chinese characteristics.”
嘉兴首次方志总汇
The first-time compilation of local events in Jiaxing
嘉兴有7000年人类文明史、2500年文字记载史和近1800年建城史，悠久的历史孕育出灿若星河、风华绝代的名家大师，也沉淀下浩如烟海、珍贵无比的历史文献典籍。
With a history of 7, 000 years of human civilization, 2, 500 years of written records and nearly 1, 800 years of building of the city, Jiaxing has been home to mastersandhistoricalliterature.
嘉兴历史上的各类典籍大多保存完好，却分散收藏于各地，有的已成孤本，也有的至今未曾刊印，仅有稿本、抄本传世，查阅不便。《嘉兴文献丛书》主编、复旦大学教授葛剑雄在《嘉兴文献丛书》序文中说，“《嘉兴文献丛书》的汇编出版，不仅能使这些文献典籍得到延续，而且为嘉兴的文化建设、学术传承、社会发展提供完整的历史数据和丰富的精神源泉，洵为盛世中的盛事。”
In its history, ancient books have been mostly well-preserved, but collected by different places. Some were rendered to be the only existing copies, and some never printed with onlyoriginalorhand-copiedones left, leadingto inconvenience. Professor Ge Jianxiong from Fudan University, editorofThe Collection, said in its prologue, “The compilation and publication serve well both for thedisseminationofthoseancientbooksandclassicsandthe historical evidence and spiritual sourceforcultural, academic and social development.”
2019年，嘉兴学院联合嘉兴市图书馆、嘉兴市社科院文化研究所、浙江大学古籍研究所、南京大学人文学院和国家图书馆出版社等单位，启动嘉兴文脉整理研究工程，计划用5年左右时间，编纂出版《嘉兴文献总目》3卷和《嘉兴文献丛书》300册、《嘉兴文献丛书·提要》3册，《嘉兴文献丛书》主编、嘉兴学院党委书记卢新波希望借此梳理嘉兴历史文脉、保存嘉兴集体记忆、增强嘉兴地方历史、建设嘉兴文化高地。
In 2019, working with Jiaxing Library, Cultural Institute of Jiaxing Academy of SocialSciences, Institute of Ancient Books of Zhejiang University, School of Liberal Arts of Nanjing University and National Library of China Publishing House, Jiaxing University launched the project to compile and publish 3 volumesofSummaryof Jiaxing Literature, 300 volumes of the Collection of Jiaxing Literature, and 3 volumes of Summaryofthe Collection of Jiaxing Literature. Lu Xinbo, editor of the Collection and secretary of CPC Party committee of Jiaxing Universityhopesthattheeffortswillsortouthistoricalprogress, preserve collective memory andhighlightlocalhistorytomake Jiaxing culturally significant.
“史部·方志”是《嘉兴文献丛书》的阶段性重要成果。据即将出版的《嘉兴文献总目》统计，仅史部，历代嘉兴人著述2600余种，此次丛书选入359种，其中嘉兴历代方志占比近三分之一，因数量庞大，所以单列“史部·方志”。
The publishing of 100 volumes of“Historical Records and Annalsof Local Conditions” is the halfway stage of TheCollection. According to the upcoming Summaryof Jiaxing Literature, there are more than 2,600 kinds in historical records by generations of Jiaxijng people. 359 kinds are selected in TheCollection, among which local annals account for about one third, so “Historical Records and Annalsof Local Conditions” is singled out topublish.
中国传统方志修纂始于宋，基于明，盛于清，延于民国。就全国目前8000余部的存量方志看，江浙地区最多，嘉兴方志无论在数量还是质量上都可圈可点。《嘉兴文献丛书》“史部·方志”百册，本着“应收尽收”的原则，不仅对民国以前嘉兴各种地方志，基本做到资料翔实、搜罗无遗，在范围上覆盖府、县、镇三级行政区划，有114种，数量可观，同时全书以影印刊行，再现历史文献原貌，完整保存文献价值与版本价值，客观呈现其历史文献的真实性与原始性。
The compilation and revision of traditional local annals started from the Song Dynasty, laid a foundation inthe Ming Dynasty, flourished in the Qing Dynasty and continued to grow in the Republic of China. Among 8, 000 local annals across China, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces enjoy the most number and Jiaxing has its position both in number and quality. The 100 volumes with 114 kinds comprise local annals of Jiaxing in detail before the Republic of China, covering such administrative regions as cities, counties and towns. Itis published by photocopies torevisithistoricalhappenings, preserve itsvalue and present its real and original meaning.
基本摸清嘉兴文献家底
A Panoramic Viewof Jiaxing Literature
不少方志在传抄、递修过程中，出现多个版本，丛书编纂团队对此做了反复甄别、比较，挑选出价值最高的版本，如《嘉靖海宁县志九卷》，在《中国古籍善本书目》著录的是清抄本，此次采用的是嘉靖三十六年(1557)的初刻本。
Given manyannalsoflocal conditions havedifferenteditionsintheprocessofcopyingandrevision, the team of The Collection made efforts to identify and select those with most value. For example, the first block-printed edition (in the year of 1557) of Annalsof Haining Countyduringthe Reignof Emperor Jiajing (1522-1566) (Volume IX) ischosen instead of itstranscriptinthe Qing DynastyfromtheBibliotheca of China’s Ancient Books.
尤其值得一提的是，现存嘉兴最早的府志《至元嘉禾志》，编纂团队发现了12个版本，此次选用的是倪禹功精抄本。
One thing that’s worth mentioning is that TheAnnalsof Jiahe, the earliestofitskindextant, has 12 editions and thewell-hand-writing-copyby Ni Yugong (1911-1964), a scholarin Jiaxing, is selected.
这不仅着眼的是其文献价值，更是彰显嘉兴先贤保存文献之功。
It not only demonstrates its historic valuebutalsohighlightshowcarefulancientsagesinpreservingthosebooks.
上世纪50年代初，嘉兴图书馆时任馆长汪大铁有心收齐现存嘉兴地区的所有志书。受其委托，嘉兴乡贤倪禹功在上海代为走访。《至元嘉禾志》存世多为抄本，汪大铁打听到旅居上海的嘉兴人金篯孙曾藏有该志抄本，倪禹功在30年代与其多有来往。彼时，金篯孙已过世，倪禹功找到其子金问源，主动承担为嘉兴无偿抄录《至元嘉禾志》的任务。倪禹功整整花了五个月才抄完此书。
In the early 1950s, Wang Datie, then curator of the Jiaxing Library, was devoted to collecting existing annals of Jiaxing and commissioned Ni Yugong to visit Shanghai for such a mission. Most of the existing The Annalsof Jiahe were its copies, one of which was owned by Jin Jiansun from Jiaxing living in Shanghai, and Mr. Ni kept in touch with Mr. Jin in the 1930s. But unfortunately Mr. Jin passed away before Mr. Ni reconnected with him. Then he found Jin Wenyuan, Mr. Jin’s son and volunteered to copy the book for free which took him five months to complete the task.
《至元嘉禾志》倪禹功抄本连接的这段往事，正是嘉兴先贤保护乡邦文献的一则美谈。
The story is a vivid example of those literati in their endeavor to preserve local annals.
而今，《嘉兴文献丛书》汇聚嘉兴及国内学术界、文化界众多知名专家学者，形成由学养深厚的文史专家主持、全国多所高校专家学者参与、地方文化专家和出版社研究人员协同的编纂委员会，对嘉兴地方文献进行分类、梳理、校勘。
The Collectionis made possiblethankstothe Compilation Committee from academiciansbothin Jiaxingandacrossthecountry, experts from intellectualcirclesandinstitutionsofhigherlearningandresearchstafffrompublishinghouses.
编纂委员会用近两年的时间基本完成嘉兴古籍全面普查登记，其中，嘉兴市图书馆普查古籍8392部，五县（市）图书馆近万部；同时，委托浙江大学古籍研究所方建新教授团队完成《嘉兴古代著述目录》研究项目，同步编纂《嘉兴文献总目》，统计近万种文献，基本摸清嘉兴文献家底。
Itwilltakethe Committeetwoyearstoexamineancientbooksof Jiaxingandhavethemregistered. Jiaxing Library needs to access 8392 books, and libraries of the other threecounty-levelcitiesandtwocounties are responsibleforabout 10,000 books. At the same time, the team led by Professor Fang Jianxin from the Institute of Ancient Books of Zhejiang University is entrusted with the project of Contents of Descriptionof Ancient Booksof Jiaxingand compiling Summaryof Jiaxing Literature.By doing so, the Committee comes to see a big picture of literature of Jiaxing.
代有贤人形成嘉兴地方志“族群”
A cluster of annals of Jiaxing
嘉兴存世最早的府志是元代至元二十五年（1288）刊行的《嘉禾志》，这便是后世所称《至元嘉禾志》，钱大昕、黄丕烈等人都曾批校此书。葛剑雄在序文中专门提到此书，“国内外现存宋元方志不足百种，其中便有《至元嘉禾志》三十二卷。”
Theearliestexistingannalsofthecityof JiaxingistheAnnalsof Jiahe (published in the year of 1288 during the Yuan Dynasty), later known as the Annalsof Jiahe (nowadays Jiaxing) duringthe Zhiyuan (1264-1294) Period in the Yuan Dynasty. Qian Daxin (historian in the Qing Dynasty) and Huang Pilie (bibliographer in the Qing Dynasty) collated the book. Ge Jianxiong mentioned the book in the prologue that even though there are fewer than 100 kinds of annals of local conditions in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, thisbookisoneofthem.
嘉兴府志，创于宋，成于元。据《四库全书总目提要》所载，早在南宋淳熙年间，知州张元成请闻人伯纪修府志，后来岳珂担任嘉兴知府时，请关栻续修，岳珂改调，中辍，仅存五卷。直到元至元年间，单庆修，徐硕纂辑，才完成此书，“叙次甚详，每条下间系以考证，尤为典核”。
Theannalsof Jiaxing for prefecture-levelcities was started inthe Song Dynastyandfinishedinthe Yuan Dynasty. AccordingtoThe Catalog ofthe Compilation of the Complete Library in Four Branches of Literature, inthereignofthe Emperor Chunxi (1174-1189) in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), a provincial official Zhang Yuanchengasked Wenren Gangtocompiletheannalsof Jiaxingandlater Guan Shicontinuedtheworkbutdidn’t finishthejobwithonlyfivevolumesleft. Itwasnotcompleteduntilthe Zhiyuan period in the Yuan Dynasty thanks to continuous efforts.
此书三十二卷，分四十三门，篇目既设“城社”，又立“坊巷”，既设“乡里”，又设“镇市”，又因嘉兴水网密布，详细搜罗嘉兴水网源流，阐明嘉兴自然地理、水文状况及其与农业、交通运输的关系，使得后世很容易“借志以考地理”。尤其是“碑碣”部分，保存了大量南宋以前的石刻文，这对了解南宋以前的嘉兴历史有着重要意义。
The Annals of Jiaheismadeupof 32 volumes and 43 categories, including “cities”, “streets”, “villages” and “towns”. It shows Jiaxing’s geography, hydrology, and their relationshipwithagricultureandtransport so that latergenerationscanhaveabetter understanding ofitsgeographicconditions. The “stone tablet” part preserves a large number of stoneinscriptionsbeforethe Southern Song Dynasty, highly significant for understandingthehistoryofthecity.
《至元嘉禾志》为嘉兴历代修志奠定了以文献为根基、文化为底色的基本特点。此后，明弘治、正德、嘉靖、万历，清康熙、嘉庆、道光、光绪等朝纂修嘉兴府志，递相沿革，代代接力，最终形成蔚为大观的嘉兴地方志“族群”。
The Annalsof Jiahe has laid a foundation for successive dynastiestocompileandreviseannalsfor local conditions basedonpreviousliterature. Since then, emperors such as Hongzhi (1470-1505), Zhengde (1506-1521), Jiajing (1522-1566), Wanli (1573-1620) in the Ming Dynasty and Kangxi (1654-1722), Jiaqing (1796-1820), Daoguang (1821-1850) and Guangxu (1871-1908) in the Qing Dynasty were devoted to doingthejob, thus the “cluster of local records” was formed in Jiaxing.
中国地方志宝库的“嘉兴样本”
Jiaxing Example
嘉兴地方志有其鲜明的“地方性”，从时间维度而言，宋元以来，代有志书修纂，从空间维度而言，府有府志，县有县志，甚至村镇皆有志。在历史的时空里，嘉兴方志构建出一个立体网状结构，共同搭建起一个既可宏观看待江南地区，又能微观梳理江南社会肌理的地方文献系统。嘉兴的地方志系统，堪称中国地方志宝库的“嘉兴样本”。
Theannalsof Jiaxinghasitslocalfeatures. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the compiling work has continued and there have been annals for prefecture-level and county-level cities and for towns and villages. Those annals is a window to the south of the Yangtze River for a bigger picture and to local literature system from a closer look. So in this sense, the annals in the city sets a good example for other localities.
《澉水志》是其中具有里程碑意义的志书，是我国历史上现存最早的镇志。宋绍定三年（1230），罗叔韶任海盐县澉浦镇监，在他的支持下，常棠开始编纂《澉水志》，耗时二十余年，直到宝祐四年（1256）才刊印成书。全书共8卷，分地理、山、水、廨舍、坊巷、坊场、军寨、亭堂、桥梁、学校、寺庙、古迹、物产、碑记、诗咏15门，并附地图以及罗叔韶与常棠二人序言。《四库全书总目提要》称其“体例精严、藻不妄抒”。
The Annals of Ganshui (Ganshui, alsoknown as Ganpu town in Haiyan county) is an important milestoneandtheearliestofitskind extant in China’s history. In 1230 (in the Song Dynasty), under the support of the town official of Haiyan, the compiling work started and lasted over 20 years till 1256 when it was printedforpublication. Eightvolumesintotal, the Annals was classifiedinto 15 categories, such as geography, mountains, rivers, streets, bridges, schools, temples, places of historical interest, etc..
“一个地方的学术文化成果能否最大程度地保存至今，还有赖于前人的收罗汇集、出版传播，尤其是本地先贤持续不懈的努力。所幸嘉兴代有贤人，传统不绝。”中国留下来的8000多部方志，葛剑雄认为嘉兴拥有的地方志无论数量还是质量在全国都是首屈一指。在嘉兴，不仅仅县一级的地方志保存相当完整，还流传下来很多当地先辈自发组织修葺的乡（镇）、村一级地方志，这些资料充分体现了嘉兴在历史上的重要地位，证明嘉兴的先人在各方面为中华文明作出的杰出贡献。首发式上，葛剑雄为嘉兴人点赞，“嘉兴拥有丰富的资源，又能够在今天进行全面的调查、整理、修纂、出版，证明了今天的嘉兴将继续在继承和弘扬中国优秀传统文化中作出重要贡献。”
“The preservation of localacademicprogresscannotdowithout collection andcompilationofpreviousliteratureanditspublishing work. Fortunately, Jiaxing cultivated sages to make relentless efforts to do such a job.” Among 8, 000 annals of provinces, cities and towns remained, Jiaxing annals is one of the top in both quantity and quality as there arewell-preservedcounty-levelannalsandtown-and-village-levelones. It signifies that Jiaxingholdsanimportantpositioninhistoryand has made outstandingcontributionsbyancientwisemento the Chinesecivilization. On the debut, Ge Jianxiong spoke highly of Jiaxing people for their dedicationtocompilation, revision and publishing work and their continued devotion to spreading fine traditional Chinese culture.
嘉兴市委常委、宣传部部长祝亚伟说，“丛书对发掘和梳理嘉兴历史文脉意义重大，不仅填补了嘉兴古籍文献集成出版的空白，彰显嘉兴对中华文化发展的历史贡献，而且为打造新时代文化高地的典范城市存储了人文资源，更为推动嘉兴经济发展、社会进步提供了强大的精神动力和文化支撑。”
“The Collection is significant for its role in exploring historicaldevelopmentin Jiaxing. On the one hand, it fills the gap of publishing ancient books of thecity, playing its part in Chinese culture, and on the other hand, itsetsagoodexampleforbuildingacitywithculturalsignificanceandalsoprovidesbothspiritualandculturalimpetusforeconomicandsocialprogressin Jiaxing.” said Mr. Zhu Yawei, memberofmunicipalstandingcommitteeanddirectorofpublicitydepartment.
